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NAMES >> Index >>Waxwings to swallows

IOC English NameScientific NameRangeComments
       
 
ORDER PASSERIFORMES
  PHY : The Passeriformes, or perching birds, include the majority of world bird species; parrots are the sister group of the perching birds (Hackett et al. 2008)
       
Waxwings (3)
Family Bombycillidae
   
Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU, NA : n  
        B. g. garrulus  (Linnaeus, 1758) n Europe and n Asia  
        B. g. pallidiceps  Reichenow, 1908 w Canada and n and w USA  
Japanese Waxwing Bombycilla japonica  (Siebold, 1824) EU : e Asia  
Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum  Vieillot, 1808 NA, LA : Canada to Venezuela and Colombia  
       
Silky-flycatchers (4)
Family Ptilogonatidae
  TAX : Follow AOU 1998 in recognizing silky flycatchers as a separate family Ptilogonatidae
Black-and-yellow Phainoptila Phainoptila melanoxantha  Salvin, 1877 MA : Costa Rica, Panama  
        P. m. melanoxantha  Salvin, 1877 se Costa Rica and nw Panama  
        P. m. parkeri  Barrantes & Sanchez, JE, 2000 n Costa Rica  
Grey Silky-flycatcher Ptilogonys cinereus  Swainson, 1827 MA : nw Mexico to Guatemala  
        P. c. cinereus  Swainson, 1827 c and e Mexico  
        P. c. otofuscus  Moore, RT, 1935 nw Mexico  
        P. c. pallescens  Griscom, 1934 sw Mexico  
        P. c. molybdophanes  Ridgway, 1887 s Mexico and w Guatemala  
Long-tailed Silky-flycatcher Ptilogonys caudatus  Cabanis, 1861 MA : Costa Rica, Panama  
Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens  (Swainson, 1838) NA, MA : sw USA to nc, nw Mexico  
        P. n. lepida  van Tyne, 1925 sw USA and nw Mexico  
        P. n. nitens  (Swainson, 1838) s Texas (s USA) to nc Mexico  
       
Hypocolius (1)
Family Hypocoliidae
  TAX : Separate Grey Hypocolius as monotypic family Hypocoliidae to be consistent with treatment of other enigmatic waxwing relatives
Grey Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus  Bonaparte, 1850 EU : s, sw ENG : Accept appeal to use broadly used name Grey Hypocolius
       
Palmchat (1)
Family Dulidae
   
Palmchat Dulus dominicus  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : Hispaniola  
       
Oos (5)
Family Mohoidae
  PHY, SEQ : Species of Moho are related to waxwings (Bombycillidae), not to honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) (Fleischer et al. 2008)
Kioea Chaetoptila angustipluma 
†  (Peale, 1848)
PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Kauai Oo Moho braccatus †  Cassin, 1855 PO : Kauai (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Oahu Oo Moho apicalis †  Gould, 1861 PO : Oahu (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Bishop's Oo Moho bishopi †  (Rothschild, 1893) PO : Maui, Molokai (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Hawaii Oo Moho nobilis †  (Merrem, 1786) PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
       
Hylocitrea (1)
Family Hylocitreidae
   
Hylocitrea Hylocitrea bonensis  (Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1894) AU : Sulawesi  
        H. b. bonensis  (Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1894) n, c and se Sulawesi  
        H. b. bonthaina  (Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1896) sw Sulawesi  
       
Fairy Flycatchers (9)
Family Stenostiridae
  TAX : Stenostiridae includes Stenostira and Elminia from Incertae Sedis and Culicicapa from Muscicapidae (Barker et al. 2002, 2004; Beresford et al. 2005; Fuchs et al. 2006)
Yellow-bellied Fantail Chelidorhynx hypoxantha  (Blyth, 1843) OR : e Himalayas to Southeast Asia TAX, SEQ : RESEQUENCED: Yellow-bellied Fantail is a close relative of the Fairy Flycatcher (Stenostiridae) ( Nyari et al 2009, Fuchs et al 2009)
Fairy Flycatcher Stenostira scita  (Vieillot, 1818) AF : s ENG : CORRECT: English name of Stenostira scita to Fairy Flycatcher
        S. s. scita  (Vieillot, 1818) sw South Africa  
        S. s. saturatior  Lawson, 1962 s South Africa  
        S. s. rudebecki  Clancey, 1955 Lesotho (ec South Africa)  
Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis  (Swainson, 1820) OR : widespread, also Lesser Sundas  
        C. c. calochrysea  Oberholser, 1923 Himalayas to ne and c India east to c China and n and c Indochina  
        C. c. antioxantha  Oberholser, 1923 s Burma to Malay Pen., Sumatra, Borneo, Java and Bali  
        C. c. ceylonensis  (Swainson, 1820) sw India and Sri Lanka  
        C. c. sejuncta  Hartert, 1897 Flores and ? Lombok (Lesser Sundas)  
        C. c. connectens  Rensch, 1931 Sumba (sw Lesser Sundas)  
Citrine Canary-flycatcher Culicicapa helianthea  (Wallace, 1865) OR : Philippines, also Sulawesi  
        C. h. septentrionalis  Parkes, 1960 nw Luzon (n Philippines)  
        C. h. zimmeri  Parkes, 1960 c and s Luzon (n Philippines)  
        C. h. panayensis  (Sharpe, 1877) w and c Philippines  
        C. h. mayri  Deignan, 1947 sw Sulu Arch. (sw Philippines)  
        C. h. helianthea  (Wallace, 1865) Sulawesi, Banggai Is., Sula Is. and Selayar Is.  
African Blue Flycatcher Elminia longicauda  (Swainson, 1838) AF : c, w  
        E. l. longicauda  (Swainson, 1838) Senegal and Gambia to Nigeria  
        E. l. teresita  Antinori, 1864 Cameroon to w Kenya, nw Tanzania and n Angola  
White-tailed Blue Flycatcher Elminia albicauda  Barboza du Bocage, 1877 AF : sc  
Dusky Crested Flycatcher Elminia nigromitrata  (Reichenow, 1874) AF : w,c  
        E. n. colstoni  (Dickerman, 1994) Liberia to Nigeria  
        E. n. nigromitrata  (Reichenow, 1874) Cameroon and Gabon to w Kenya and nw Tanzania  
White-bellied Crested Flycatcher Elminia albiventris  (Sjöstedt, 1893) AF : c  
        E. a. albiventris  (Sjöstedt, 1893) Nigeria and Cameroon, Bioko I.  
        E. a. toroensis  (Jackson, 1906) ne DR Congo, Rwanda and w Uganda  
White-tailed Crested Flycatcher Elminia albonotata  (Sharpe, 1891) AF : sc  
        E. a. albonotata  (Sharpe, 1891) e DR Congo to c Kenya, n Malawi and ne Zambia  
        E. a. swynnertoni  (Neumann, 1908) e Zimbabwe and c Mozambique  
        E. a. subcaerulea  (Grote, 1923) se Kenya to s Malawi and n Mozambique  
       
Tits, Chickadees (59)
Family Paridae
  PHY : See Tietze & Borthakur 2012 for phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Paridae.
Marsh Tit Poecile palustris  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : widespread  
        P. p. dresseri  (Stejneger, 1886) Wales, c and s England and w France  
        P. p. palustris  (Linnaeus, 1758) Scandinavia to n Iberian Pen. east to Poland, the Balkans and Greece  
        P. p. italicus  (Tschusi & Hellmayr, 1900) French Alps, Italy and Sicily  
        P. p. stagnatilis  (Brehm, CL, 1855) e Europe to the s Urals and nw Turkey  
        P. p. kabardensis  (Buturlin, 1929) Caucasus area and ne Turkey  
        P. p. brevirostris  Taczanowski, 1872 sc and se Siberia, n Mongolia, Manchuria and Liaoning (ne China) and extreme n Korea  
        P. p. ernsti  (Yamashina, 1933) Sakhalin I.  
        P. p. hensoni  (Stejneger, 1892) s Kuril Is. and n Japan  
        P. p. jeholicus  (Kleinschmidt, O & Weigold, 1922) n Hebei (ne China) and n Korea  
        P. p. hellmayri  Bianchi, 1903 e China and s Kores  
Black-bibbed Tit Poecile hypermelaenus  Berezowski & Bianchi, 1891 OR : c,w,sw China, w Burma AS : Poecile hypermelaenus is split from P. palustris (Eck & Martens 2006)
Sombre Tit Poecile lugubris  (Temminck, 1820) EU : sc  
        P. l. lugubris  (Temminck, 1820) Balkan Pen. to n Greece  
        P. l. lugens  (Brehm, CL, 1855) c and s Greece  
        P. l. anatoliae  (Hartert, 1905) Asia Minor s to n Israel  
        P. l. hyrcanus  Zarudny & Loudon, 1905 se Azerbaijan and n Iran  
        P. l. dubius  (Hellmayr, 1901) w Iran  
        P. l. kirmanensis  (Koelz, 1950) se Iran  
Willow Tit Poecile montanus  (Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827) EU : widespread  
        P. m. kleinschmidti  (Hellmayr, 1900) Britain  
        P. m. rhenanus  (Kleinschmidt, O, 1900) nw France to w Germany, n Switzerland and n Italy  
        P. m. montanus  (Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827) se France to Romania, Bulgaria and Greece  
        P. m. salicarius  (Brehm, CL, 1831) Germany and w Poland to ne Switzerland and Austria  
        P. m. borealis  (de Sélys-Longchamps, 1843) Scandinavia s to Ukraine  
        P. m. uralensis  (Grote, 1927) se European Russia, w Siberia and Kazahkstan  
        P. m. baicalensis  Swinhoe, 1871 ec and e Siberia, n Mongolia, n China and n Korea  
        P. m. anadyrensis  (Belopolski, 1932) ne Siberia  
        P. m. kamtschatkensis  Bonaparte, 1850 Kamchatka Pen. and n Kuril Is.  
        P. m. sachalinensis  (Lönnberg, 1908) Sakhalin I. and s Kuril Is.  
        P. m. restrictus  (Hellmayr, 1900) Japan  
        P. m. songarus  (Severtsov, 1873) se Kazakhstan to Kyrgyzstan and nw China  
        P. m. affinis  Przewalski, 1876 nc China  
        P. m. stoetzneri  (Kleinschmidt, O, 1921) ne China  
Sichuan Tit Poecile weigoldicus  (Kleinschmidt, O & Weigold, 1921) EU : wc, swc China AS : Poecile weigoldicus is split from P. montanus (Salzburger et al. 2002, Eck & Martens 2006, Collar 2007)
Carolina Chickadee Poecile carolinensis  (Audubon, 1834) NA : se USA  
        P. c. atricapilloides  (Lunk, 1952) Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas (sc USA)  
        P. c. agilis  (Sennett, 1888) Arkansas, Louisiana and e Texas (sc USA)  
        P. c. carolinensis  (Audubon, 1834) se USA  
        P. c. extimus  (Todd & Sutton, 1936) ec USA  
Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atricapillus  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : n  
        P. a. turneri  (Ridgway, 1884) c and s Alaska and nw Canada  
        P. a. occidentalis  (Baird, SF, 1858) coastal sw Canada and nw USA  
        P. a. fortuitus  (Dawson, WL, 1909) inland sw Canada and nw USA  
        P. a. septentrionalis  (Harris, 1846) w and c Canada to c USA  
        P. a. bartletti  (Aldrich & Nutt, 1939) Newfoundland  
        P. a. atricapillus  (Linnaeus, 1766) e Canada to c and ne USA  
        P. a. garrinus  (Behle, 1951) wc USA  
        P. a. nevadensis  (Linsdale, 1938) w USA  
        P. a. practicus  (Oberholser, 1937) Appalachian Mts. (e USA)  
Mountain Chickadee Poecile gambeli  (Ridgway, 1886) NA : w, also nw Mexico PS : Mountain Chickadee comprises genetically divergent populations that may be split (NACC 2010-A-3)
        P. g. baileyae  (Grinnell, 1908) Pacific slope of the Rocky Mts. in w USA and w Canada  
        P. g. inyoensis  (Grinnell, 1918) central Rocky Mts. in w USA  
        P. g. gambeli  (Ridgway, 1886) e Rocky Mts. in wc USA  
        P. g. atratus  (Grinnell & Swarth, 1926) nw Mexico  
Mexican Chickadee Poecile sclateri  (Kleinschmidt, O, 1897) NA, MA : sw USA, Mexico  
        P. s. eidos  (Peters, JL, 1927) sw USA and n Mexico  
        P. s. garzai  (Phillips, AR, 1986) ne Mexico  
        P. s. sclateri  (Kleinschmidt, O, 1897) c Mexico  
        P. s. rayi  (Miller, AH & Storer, 1950) s Mexico  
White-browed Tit Poecile superciliosus  Przewalski, 1876 EU : w China  
Pere David's Tit Poecile davidi  Berezowski & Bianchi, 1891 EU : nc China  
Grey-headed Chickadee Poecile cinctus  (Boddaert, 1783) EU : n, also nw NA  
        P. c. lapponicus  (Lundahl, 1848) Scandanavia to n European Russia  
        P. c. cinctus  (Boddaert, 1783) ne European Russia through Siberia to Kamchatka and nc Mongolia  
        P. c. sayanus  Sushkin, 1904 s Siberia and nw Mongolia  
        P. c. lathami  (Stephens, 1817) n and w Alaska and nw Canada  
Boreal Chickadee Poecile hudsonicus  (Forster, JR, 1772) NA : n  
        P. h. stoneyi  (Ridgway, 1887) n Alaska and nw Canada  
        P. h. columbianus  (Rhoads, 1893) s Alaska, w Canada to n Washington (nw USA)  
        P. h. hudsonicus  (Forster, JR, 1772) c Alaska to e Canada  
        P. h. littoralis  (Bryant, H, 1865) se Canada and ne USA  
        P. h. farleyi  (Godfrey, 1951) sc Canada  
Chestnut-backed Chickadee Poecile rufescens  (Townsend, JK, 1837) NA : w  
        P. r. rufescens  (Townsend, JK, 1837) Alaska through w Canada to n and c California (w USA)  
        P. r. neglectus  (Ridgway, 1879) coastal c California (w USA)  
        P. r. barlowi  (Grinnell, 1900) coastal s California (w USA)  
Varied Tit Poecile varius  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) EU : e  
        P. v. varius  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) s Kuril Is., Japan, Korea and ne China  
        P. v. sunsunpi  (Kuroda, 1919) Tanegashima and Yakushima (off s Japan)  
        P. v. namiyei  (Kuroda, 1918) n Izu Is.  
        P. v. owstoni  (Ijima, 1893) s Izu Is.  
        P. v. amamii  (Kuroda, 1922) n Ryukyu Is.  
        P. v. orii †  (Kuroda, 1923) Borodino Is. (e of Okinama)  
        P. v. olivaceus  (Kuroda, 1923) s Ryukyu Is.  
        P. v. castaneoventris  (Gould, 1863) Taiwan  
Rufous-naped Tit Periparus rufonuchalis  (Blyth, 1849) EU : w, nw Himalayas  
Rufous-vented Tit Periparus rubidiventris  (Blyth, 1847) OR : Himalayas to Burma  
        P. r. rubidiventris  (Blyth, 1847) w and c Himalayas  
        P. r. beavani  (Jerdon, 1863) e Himalayas  
        P. r. whistleri  (Stresemann, 1931)

Yunnan, Sichuan (s, c China) and ne Burma

AS :  Split from P.r. beaveni (Martens et al 2006)
        P. r. saramatii  (Ripley, 1961) ne India and nw Burma  
Coal Tit Periparus ater  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : widespread TAX : Spot-winged Tit Periparus melanolophus is conspecific with Coal Tit P. ater (Eck & Martens 2006, Martens et al. 2006, Collar 2007)
        P. a. britannicus  (Sharpe & Dresser, 1871) Great Britain and ne Ireland  
        P. a. hibernicus  (Ingram, W, 1910) Ireland (except ne)  
        P. a. ater  (Linnaeus, 1758)

Scandinavia and ne Europe through Siberia to Kamchatka, n Japan, Korea, ne China and ne Mongolia

 
        P. a. abietum  (Brehm, 1831)

continental w, c, se Europe and Asia Minor

Periparus ater abietum split from the nominate (Martens et al 2006)
        P. a. vieirae  (Nicholson, 1906) Iberian Pen.  
        P. a. sardus  (Kleinschmidt, O, 1903) Corsica and Sardinia  
        P. a. atlas  (Meade-Waldo, 1901) Morocco  
        P. a. ledouci  (Malherbe, 1845) n Algeria and n Tunisia  
        P. a. cypriotes  (Dresser, 1888) Cyprus  
        P. a. moltchanovi  (Menzbier, 1903) s Crimean Pen.  
        P. a. michalowskii  (Bogdanov, 1879) Caucasus (except sw) and c and e Transcaucasia  
        P. a. derjugini  Zarudny & Loudon, 1903 ne Turkey to sw Caucasus  
        P. a. eckodedicatus  (Martens, J, Tietze & Sun, 2006) w China  
        P. a. gaddi  Zarudny, 1911 se Azerbaijan and n Iran  
        P. a. chorassanicus  Zarudny & Bilkevitch, 1911 sw Turkmenistan and ne Iran  
        P. a. phaeonotus  (Blanford, 1873) sw Iran  
        P. a. rufipectus  (Severtsov, 1873) se Kazakhstan to nw China  
        P. a. martensi  (Eck, 1998) Kali Gandaki area (c Nepal)  
        P. a. melanolophus  (Vigors, 1831) e Afghanistan and nw Pakistan to nw Himalayas  
        P. a. aemodius  (Blyth, 1845) e Himalayas to n Burma  
        P. a. pekinensis  (Verreaux, J, 1868) ec China  
        P. a. insularis  (Hellmayr, 1902) s Kuril Is. and Japan  
        P. a. kuatunensis  (La Touche, 1923) se China  
        P. a. ptilosus  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1912) Taiwan  
Yellow-bellied Tit Periparus venustulus  (Swinhoe, 1870) EU : e, c, s China  
Elegant Tit Periparus elegans  (Lesson, 1831) OR : Philippines  
        P. e. edithae  (McGregor, 1907) Calayan and Camiguin Norte  
        P. e. montigenus  (Hachisuka, 1930) nw Luzon  
        P. e. gilliardi  (Parkes, 1958) Bataan Pen. of wc Luzon  
        P. e. elegans  (Lesson, 1831) ec and s Luzon, Panay, Mindoro and Catanduanes  
        P. e. visayanus  (Hachisuka, 1930) Cebu  
        P. e. albescens  (McGregor, 1907) Ticao, Masbate, Guimaras and Negros  
        P. e. mindanensis  (Mearns, 1905) Mindanao, Samar and Leyte  
        P. e. suluensis  (Mearns, 1916) Sulu Arch. (except Bongao I.)  
        P. e. bongaoensis  (Parkes, 1958) Bongao I. (w Sulu Arch.)  
Palawan Tit Periparus amabilis  (Sharpe, 1877) OR : Philippines  
European Crested Tit Lophophanes cristatus  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : Europe  
        L. c. scoticus  Prazák, 1897 nc Scotland  
        L. c. abadiei  (Jouard, 1929) w France  
        L. c. weigoldi  (Tratz, 1914) w and s Iberian Pen.  
        L. c. cristatus  (Linnaeus, 1758) n and e Europe to the Carpathian Mts.  
        L. c. baschkirikus  Snigirewski, 1931 sw and c Ural M ts.  
        L. c. mitratus  (Brehm, CL, 1831) c Europe to ne Spain, the Alps and n Balkans  
        L. c. bureschi  (von Jordans, 1940) Albania to Bulgaria and Greece  
Grey Crested Tit Lophophanes dichrous  (Blyth, 1845) OR : Himalayas to Burma  
        L. d. kangrae  Whistler, 1932 nw Himalayas  
        L. d. dichrous  (Blyth, 1845) c and e Himalayas to sw China  
        L. d. dichroides  Przewalski, 1876 c China  
        L. d. wellsi  (Baker, ECS, 1917) s China and ne Burma  
White-shouldered Black Tit Parus guineensis  Shelley, 1900 AF : w, c  
White-winged Black Tit Parus leucomelas  Rüppell, 1840 AF : c  
        P. l. leucomelas  Rüppell, 1840 c and se Ethiopia  
        P. l. insignis  Cabanis, 1880 s Gabon, Congo and Angola e to Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia  
Carp's Tit Parus carpi  Macdonald & Hall, 1957 AF : sw ENG : Change English name of Parus carpi to shorter and traditional Carp‘s Tit,
Southern Black Tit Parus niger  Vieillot, 1818 AF : se  
        P. n. ravidus  Clancey, 1964 e Zambia to c Mozambique and ne South Africa  
        P. n. xanthostomus  Shelley, 1892 se Angola to c Zambia and sw Tanzania, south to ne Namibia, Botswana and n South Africa  
        P. n. niger  Vieillot, 1818 s Mozambique and e South Africa  
White-bellied Tit Parus albiventris  Shelley, 1881 AF : wc, e  
White-backed Black Tit Parus leuconotus  Guérin-Méneville, 1843 AF : Ethiopia, Eritrea  
Dusky Tit Parus funereus  (Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1855) AF : c  
        P. f. funereus  (Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1855) Guinea to Uganda, Kenya and DR Congo  
        P. f. gabela  Traylor, 1961 w Angola  
Rufous-bellied Tit Parus rufiventris  Barboza du Bocage, 1877 AF : se  
        P. r. rufiventris  Barboza du Bocage, 1877 s Congo and s DR Congo to c Angola and c Zambia  
        P. r. masukuensis  Shelley, 1900 se DR Congo, e Zambia and Malawi  
        P. r. diligens  Clancey, 1979 s Angola, n Namibia, sw Zambia and nw Botswana  
Cinnamon-breasted Tit Parus pallidiventris  Reichenow, 1885 AF : se  
        P. p. pallidiventris  Reichenow, 1885 Tanzania, s Malawi and n Mozambique  
        P. p. stenotopicus  Clancey, 1989 e Zimbabwe and wc Mozambique  
Red-throated Tit Parus fringillinus  Fischer, GA & Reichenow, 1884 AF : e  
Stripe-breasted Tit Parus fasciiventer  Reichenow, 1893 AF : ec  
        P. f. fasciiventer  Reichenow, 1893 Ruwenzori Mts (e DR Congo, w Uganda), w Rwanda and w Burundi  
        P. f. tanganjicae  Reichenow, 1909 Itombwe Mts. (e DR Congo) and sw Burundi  
        P. f. kaboboensis  Prigogine, 1957 Mt. Kabobo (e DR Congo)  
Acacia Tit Parus thruppi  Shelley, 1885 AF : ne  
        P. t. thruppi  Shelley, 1885 Ethiopia, Somalia (except sw) and n Kenya  
        P. t. barakae  Jackson, 1899 sw Somalia, e Uganda, Kenya and ne Tanzania  
Miombo Tit Parus griseiventris  Reichenow, 1882 AF : sc  
Ashy Tit Parus cinerascens  Vieillot, 1818 AF : s  
        P. c. benguelae  Hall, BP & Traylor, 1959 sw Angola and nw Namibia  
        P. c. cinerascens  Vieillot, 1818 Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and n South Africa  
Grey Tit Parus afer  Gmelin, JF, 1789 AF : s  
        P. a. arens  Clancey, 1963 s South Africa and Lesotho  
        P. a. afer  Gmelin, JF, 1789 Namiibia and w South Africa  
Great Tit Parus major  Linnaeus, 1758 EU : w, c Eurasia, n Africa TAX : Parus bokharensis is conspecific with P. major(Päckert et al. 2005, Eck & Martens 2006, Collar 2007)
        P. m. newtoni  Prazák, 1894 British Isles  
        P. m. major  Linnaeus, 1758 mainland Europe to w and sc Siberia, the Caucasus and Asia Minor  
        P. m. kapustini  Portenko, 1954 se Kazakhstan and nw China to Mongolia and e Siberia  
        P. m. corsus  Kleinschmidt, O, 1903 Portugal, s Spain and Corsica  
        P. m. mallorcae  von Jordans, 1913 Balearic Is.  
        P. m. excelsus  Buvry, 1857 nw Africa  
        P. m. ecki  von Jordans, 1970 Sardinia  
        P. m. aphrodite  Madarász, 1901 s Italy, s Greece, the Aegean Is. and Cyprus  
        P. m. niethammeri  von Jordans, 1970 Crete  
        P. m. terraesanctae  Hartert, 1910 Syria to ne Egypt  
        P. m. karelini  Zarudny, 1910 se Azerbaijan and nw Iran  
        P. m. blanfordi  Prazák, 1894 n Iraq, nc and sw Iran  
        P. m. bokharensis  Lichtenstein, 1823 Turkmenistan and n Afghanistan to sc Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan  
        P. m. turkestanicus  Zarudny & Loudon, 1905 se Kazakhstan to sw Mongolia  
        P. m. ferghanensis  Buturlin, 1912 Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to w China  
Japanese Tit Parus minor  Temminck & Schlegel, 1848 EU : ec, e Asia AS : Parus minor is split from P. major (Päckert et al. 2005, Eck & Martens 2006, Collar 2007)
        P. m. minor  Temminck & Schlegel, 1848 e Siberia, s Sakhalin I. ec and ne China, Korea and Japan  
        P. m. dageletensis  Kuroda & Mori, 1920 Ulleungdo I. (off South Korea)  
        P. m. kagoshimae  Taka-Tsukasa, 1919 s Kyushu and Goto Is. (s Japan)  
        P. m. amamiensis  Kleinschmidt, O, 1922 n Ryukyu Is.  
        P. m. okinawae  Hartert, 1905 c Ryukyu Is.  
        P. m. nigriloris  Hellmayr, 1900 s Ryukyu Is.  
        P. m. tibetanus  Hartert, 1905 se Tibet, sw and sc China to n Burma  
        P. m. commixtus  Swinhoe, 1868 s China and n Vietnam  
        P. m. nubicolus  Meyer de Schauensee, 1946 e Burma, n Thailand and nw Indochina  
Cinereous Tit Parus cinereus  Vieillot, 1818 OR : s, se Asia AS : Parus cinereus is split from P. major (Päckert et al. 2005 , Eck & Martens 2006, Collar 2007).
        P. c. intermedius  Zarudny, 1890 ne Iran and sw Turkmenistan  
        P. c. decolorans  Koelz, 1939 ne Afghanistan and nw Pakistan  
        P. c. ziaratensis  Whistler, 1929 c and s Afghanistan and w Pakistan  
        P. c. caschmirensis  Hartert, 1905 ne Afghanistan, n Pakistan and nw India  
        P. c. planorum  Hartert, 1905 n India to Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and w, c Burma  
        P. c. vauriei  Ripley, 1950 ne India  
        P. c. stupae  Koelz, 1939 w, c and se India  
        P. c. mahrattarum  Hartert, 1905 sw India and Sri Lanka  
        P. c. templorum  Meyer de Schauensee, 1946 w and c Thailand and s Indochina  
        P. c. hainanus  Hartert, 1905 Hainan (off se China)  
        P. c. ambiguus  (Raffles, 1822) Malay Pen. and Sumatra  
        P. c. sarawacensis  Slater, 1885 Borneo  
        P. c. cinereus  Vieillot, 1818 Java, Lesser Sundas  
Green-backed Tit Parus monticolus  Vigors, 1831 EU, OR : w Himalayas to sc Vietnam and Taiwan  
        P. m. monticolus  Vigors, 1831 n Pakistan to w Nepal and s Tibet  
        P. m. yunnanensis  La Touche, 1922 e Himalayas and ne India to c China, n Indochina and Burma  
        P. m. legendrei  Delacour, 1927 sc Vietnam  
        P. m. insperatus  Swinhoe, 1866 Taiwan  
White-naped Tit Parus nuchalis  Jerdon, 1845 OR : c, s India  
Himalayan Black-lored Tit Parus xanthogenys  Vigors, 1831 OR : Himalayas from n Pakistan to e Nepal ENG : Change English name of Parus xanthogenys to Himalayan Black-lored Tit, with split of P. aplonotus
Indian Black-lored Tit Parus aplonotus  Blyth, 1847 OR : Peninsular India AS : Parus aplonotus including subspecies travancoreensis is split from P. xanthogenys (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005)
        P. a. aplonotus  Blyth, 1847 c India  
        P. a. travancoreensis  (Whistler & Kinnear, 1932) s India  
Yellow-cheeked Tit Parus spilonotus  Bonaparte, 1850 OR : Himalayas to sc Vietnam  
        P. s. spilonotus  Bonaparte, 1850 e Nepal and ne India to n and w Burma and sw China  
        P. s. subviridis  Blyth, 1855 ne India to s and e Burma, n Thailand and sc China  
        P. s. rex  David, 1874 s and se China, n and c Indochina  
        P. s. basileus  (Delacour, 1932) s Indochina  
Yellow Tit Parus holsti  Seebohm, 1894 OR : Taiwan  
White-fronted Tit Parus semilarvatus  (Salvadori, 1865) OR : Philippines  
        P. s. snowi  Parkes, 1971 ne Luzon  
        P. s. semilarvatus  (Salvadori, 1865) c and s Luzon  
        P. s. nehrkorni  (Blasius, W, 1890) Mindanao  
Ground Tit Parus humilis  (Hume, 1871) EU : Tibet ENG : Change English name of Parus humilus to more appropriate Ground Tit as adopted in other major works
Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : w, c ENG : Change English name of Cyanistes caeruleus to Eurasian Blue Tit with split of C. teneriffae
        C. c. obscurus  (Prazák, 1894) British Isles  
        C. c. caeruleus  (Linnaeus, 1758) n, c and e Europe to w and n Asia Minor  
        C. c. balearicus  (von Jordans, 1913) Mallorca  
        C. c. ogliastrae  (Hartert, 1905) Iberian Pen., Corsica and Sardinia  
        C. c. calamensis  (Parrot, 1908) s Greece, Cyclades, Crete and Rhodes  
        C. c. orientalis  Zarudny & Loudon, 1905 se European Russia  
        C. c. satunini  Zarudny, 1908 Crimean Pen., Caucasus, e Turkey and nw Iran  
        C. c. raddei  Zarudny, 1908 n Iran  
        C. c. persicus  (Blanford, 1873) sw Iran  
African Blue Tit Cyanistes teneriffae  (Lesson, 1831) AF : n, Canary Islands AS : Cyanistes teneriffae is split from C. caeruleus (Salzburger et al. 2002).
        C. t. ultramarinus  (Bonaparte, 1841) Morocco to n Tunisia  
        C. t. cyrenaicae  (Hartert, 1922) ne Libya  
        C. t. degener  (Hartert, 1901) Fuerteventura and Lanzarote Is. (e Canary Is.)  
        C. t. ombriosus  (Meade-Waldo, 1890) Hierro I. (sw Canary Is.)  
        C. t. palmensis  (Meade-Waldo, 1889) Palma I. (w canary Is.)  
        C. t. teneriffae  (Lesson, 1831) La Gomera and Tenerife Is. (c Canary Is.)  
        C. t. hedwigae  (Dietzen, Garcia-del-Rey, Castro & Wink, 2008) Gran Canaria (c Canary Is.)  
Azure Tit Cyanistes cyanus  (Pallas, 1770) EU : c, e TAX : Central Asian flavipectus are treated as a subspecies of Azure Tit.
        C. c. cyanus  (Pallas, 1770) Belarus, w and c European Russia to c Ural Mts.  
        C. c. hyperrhiphaeus  Dementiev & Heptner, 1932 sw Ural Mts., sw Siberia and n Kazakhstan  
        C. c. yenisseensis  (Buturlin, 1911) sc to e Siberia, n Mongolia and ne China  
        C. c. tianschanicus  Menzbier, 1884 mountains of se Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and nw China  
        C. c. koktalensis  Portenko, 1954 lowlands of se Kazakhstan  
        C. c. carruthersi  (Hartert, 1917) Kyrgyzstan to n Tajikistan  
        C. c. flavipectus  (Severtsov, 1873) s Kyrgyzstan to n Afghanistan  
        C. c. berezowskii  Pleske, 1893 nc China  
Bridled Titmouse Baeolophus wollweberi  (Bonaparte, 1850) NA, MA : sw USA, Mexico  
        B. w. vandevenderi  (Rea, 1986) c Arizona and sw New Mexico (sw USA)  
        B. w. phillipsi  (van Rossem, 1947) se Arizona (sw USA) and nw Mexico  
        B. w. wollweberi  (Bonaparte, 1850) c and s Mexico  
        B. w. caliginosus  (van Rossem, 1947) sw Mexico  
Oak Titmouse Baeolophus inornatus  (Gambel, 1845) NA, MA : w USA, Baja California  
        B. i. inornatus  (Gambel, 1845) sw Oregon to c California (w USA)  
        B. i. affabilis  Grinnell & Swarth, 1926 sw California (sw USA) and n Baja California (nw Mexico)  
        B. i. mohavensis  (Miller, AH, 1946) se California (sw USA)  
        B. i. cineraceus  (Ridgway, 1883) s Baja California (nw Mexico)  
Juniper Titmouse Baeolophus ridgwayi  (Richmond, 1902) NA, MA : wc USA, n Mexico  
        B. r. ridgwayi  (Richmond, 1902) s Idaho to Arizona and New Mexico (wc USA), n Mexico  
        B. r. zaleptus  Oberholser, 1932 se Oregon, e California and w Nevada (w USA)  
Tufted Titmouse Baeolophus bicolor  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : e, se USA  
Black-crested Titmouse Baeolophus atricristatus  (Cassin, 1850) NA, MA : Texas, ne Mexico  
        B. a. paloduro  Stevenson, JO, 1940 n Texas and sw Oklahoma, sw Texas (s USA) and n Mexico  
        B. a. sennetti  Ridgway, 1904 c and s Texas (s USA)  
        B. a. atricristatus  (Cassin, 1850) Rio Grand Valley (s Texas, USA) and ne Mexico  
Yellow-browed Tit Sylviparus modestus  Burton, 1836 OR : Himalayas to sc Vietnam  
        S. m. simlaensis  Baker, ECS, 1917 nw Himalayas  
        S. m. modestus  Burton, 1836 c and e Himalayas to s China and Indochina  
        S. m. klossi  Delacour & Jabouille, 1930 Da Lat Plateau (sc Vietnam)  
Sultan Tit Melanochlora sultanea  (Hodgson, 1837) OR : widespread  
        M. s. sultanea  (Hodgson, 1837) e Himalayas to s China, n Thailand and Burma  
        M. s. flavocristata  (Lafresnaye, 1837) c and s Thailand, Malay Pen., Sumatra and Hainan I. (off se China)  
        M. s. seorsa  Bangs, 1924 se China and n Indochina  
        M. s. gayeti  Delacour & Jabouille, 1925 se Laos and sc Vietnam  
       
Penduline Tits (12)
Family Remizidae
   
Eurasian Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : w, n, sc  
        R. p. pendulinus  (Linnaeus, 1758) Europe to the Ural Mts., Caucasus and w Turkey  
        R. p. menzbieri  (Zarudny, 1913) s and e Turkey and Syria to Armenia and nw Iran  
        R. p. caspius  (Peltzam, 1870) sw Russia and nw Kazakhstan  
        R. p. jaxarticus  (Severtsov, 1873) e Ural Mts. to w Siberia and n Kazakhstan  
Black-headed Penduline Tit Remiz macronyx  (Severtsov, 1873) EU : c Asia AS : Remiz macronyx is split from R.pendulinus (Madge 2008)
        R. m. macronyx  (Severtsov, 1873) sw Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, n and se Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and ne Afghanistan.  
        R. m. neglectus  (Zarudny, 1908) n Iran and s Turkmenistan  
        R. m. altaicus  (Radde, 1899) se Azerbaijan and nw Iran  
        R. m. nigricans  (Zarudny, 1908) se Iran and sw Afghanistan  
        R. m. ssaposhnikowi  (Johansen, HE, 1907) se Kazakhstan  
White-crowned Penduline Tit Remiz coronatus  (Severtsov, 1873) EU : sc  
        R. c. coronatus  (Severtsov, 1873) s Kazakhstan to nw China, n Afghanistan and e Turkmenistan  
        R. c. stoliczkae  (Hume, 1874) e Kazakhstan to s Siberia, c Mongolia and n China  
Chinese Penduline Tit Remiz consobrinus  (Swinhoe, 1870) EU : n China AS : Remiz consobrinus is recognized by Madge (2008), not conspecific with R. coronatus (Eck & Martens 2006, Collar 2007)
Sennar Penduline Tit Anthoscopus punctifrons  (Sundevall, 1850) AF : ne, c, w  
Yellow Penduline Tit Anthoscopus parvulus  (Heuglin, 1864) AF : c, w  
Mouse-colored Penduline Tit Anthoscopus musculus  (Hartlaub, 1882) AF : ne  
Forest Penduline Tit Anthoscopus flavifrons  (Cassin, 1855) AF : w, c  
        A. f. waldronae  Bannerman, 1935 Liberia to Ghana  
        A. f. flavifrons  (Cassin, 1855) se Nigeria and s Cameroon to n DR Congo and Gabon  
        A. f. ruthae  Chapin, 1958 e DR Congo  
Grey Penduline Tit Anthoscopus caroli  (Sharpe, 1871) AF : c, s  
        A. c. roccatii  Salvadori, 1906 Uganda, ne DR Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, w Kenya and nw Tanzania  
        A. c. pallescens  Ulfstrand, 1960 w Tanzania  
        A. c. ansorgei  Hartert, 1905 Congo, w DR Congo to c Angola  
        A. c. rhodesiae  Sclater, WL, 1932 se DR Congo, n Zambia and sw Tanzania  
        A. c. robertsi  Haagner, 1909 se Kenya to ne Zambia, Malawi and n Mozambique  
        A. c. caroli  (Sharpe, 1871) s Angola and sw Zambia to n Namibia and n Botswana  
        A. c. winterbottomi  White, CMN, 1946 s DR Congo and nw Zambia  
        A. c. rankinei  Irwin, 1963 ne Zimbabwe  
        A. c. hellmayri  Roberts, 1914 e and s Zimbabwe, s Mozambique and ne South Africa  
        A. c. sylviella  Reichenow, 1904 sc Kenya to c Tanzania  
        A. c. sharpei  Hartert, 1905 sw Kenya to n Tanzania  
Cape Penduline Tit Anthoscopus minutus  (Shaw, 1812) AF : sw  
        A. m. damarensis  Reichenow, 1905 w Angola and n Namibia, n and e Botswana, Zimbabwe and n South Africa  
        A. m. gigi  Winterbottom, 1959 s South Africa  
        A. m. minutus  (Shaw, 1812) w and s Namibia, sw Botswana and w and c South Africa  
Verdin Auriparus flaviceps  (Sundevall, 1850) NA, MA : sw and sc USA, n Mexico  
        A. f. acaciarum  Grinnell, 1931 sw USA to n Baja California, c Sonora, c Chihuahua and c Durango (nw Mexico)  
        A. f. ornatus  (Lawrence, 1851) sc USA and ne Mexico  
        A. f. flaviceps  (Sundevall, 1850) c Baja California, s Sonora and n Sinaloa (nw Mexico)  
        A. f. lamprocephalus  Oberholser, 1897 s Baja California (nw Mexico)  
        A. f. sinaloae  Phillips, AR, 1986 nw Sinaloa (nw Mexico)  
        A. f. hidalgensis  Phillips, AR, 1986 nc Mexico  
Fire-capped Tit Cephalopyrus flammiceps  (Burton, 1836) OR : Himalayas to n Laos  
        C. f. flammiceps  (Burton, 1836) n Pakistan to w Nepal  
        C. f. olivaceus  Rothschild, 1923 e Himalayas to sc and s China  
       
Bearded Reedling (1)
Family Panuridae
  PHY, SEQ : Bearded Reedling is not related to parrotbills, but is sister to the larks (Alaudidae) and in turn to the rest of the Sylvioidea (Ericson and Johansson 2003; Alström et al. 2006; Fuchs et al. 2006)
Bearded Reedling Panurus biarmicus  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : w, c  
        P. b. biarmicus  (Linnaeus, 1758) w, c and s Europe to sw Russia, the Balkans and w Turkey  
        P. b. kosswigi  Kumerloeve, 1959 sc Turkey  
        P. b. russicus  (Brehm, CL, 1831) ec and e Europe through s Russia to ne China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and c Turkey  
       
Nicators (3)
Family Nicatoridae
  PHY, SEQ : Move Nicator species from Incertae Sedis to Nicatoridae, which aligns with Alaudidae and Panuridae to form a basal trichotomy that is sister of the rest of the sylvioids (Beresford et al 2005, Johansson et al 2008)
Western Nicator Nicator chloris  (Valenciennes, 1826) AF : c, w  
Eastern Nicator Nicator gularis  Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870 AF : e, se  
Yellow-throated Nicator Nicator vireo  Cabanis, 1876 AF : c, wc  
       
Larks (98)
Family Alaudidae
   
Singing Bush Lark Mirafra cantillans  Blyth, 1845 AF : widespread, also Arabian Peninsula and India  
        M. c. marginata  Hawker, 1898 s Sudan to Somalia, Kenya and ne Tanzania  
        M. c. chadensis  Alexander, 1908 Senegal to c Sudan and w Ethiopia  
        M. c. simplex  (Heuglin, 1868) w and s Arabia  
        M. c. cantillans  Blyth, 1845 Pakistan, India and Bangladesh  
Horsfield's Bush Lark Mirafra javanica  Horsfield, 1821 OR, AU : Southeast Asia through Australia  
        M. j. williamsoni  Baker, ECS, 1915 c Burma to s China, n and c Indochina, Cambodia and Thailand  
        M. j. beaulieui  Delacour, 1932 s Vietnam  
        M. j. philippinensis  Ramsay, RGW, 1886 n Philippines  
        M. j. mindanensis  Hachisuka, 1931 s Philippines  
        M. j. javanica  Horsfield, 1821 Borneo, Java and Bali  
        M. j. parva  Swinhoe, 1871 w Lesser Sundas  
        M. j. timorensis  Mayr, 1944 e lesser Sundas  
        M. j. aliena  Greenway, 1935 n and ne New Guinea  
        M. j. woodwardi  Milligan, 1901 extreme nw Western Australia  
        M. j. halli  Bianchi, 1907 n Western Australia  
        M. j. forresti  Mayr & McEvey, 1960 ne Western Ausdtralia  
        M. j. melvillensis  Mathews, 1912 Melville and Bathurst Is. (off n Australia)  
        M. j. soderbergi  Mathews, 1921 n Northern Territory (n Australia)  
        M. j. rufescens  Ingram, W, 1906 c Australia  
        M. j. athertonensis  Schodde & Mason, 1999 ne Australia  
        M. j. horsfieldii  Gould, 1847 e and se Australia  
        M. j. secunda  Sharpe, 1890 sc Australia  
Madagascar Lark Mirafra hova  Hartlaub, 1860 AF : Madagascar  
Monotonous Lark Mirafra passerina  Gyldenstolpe, 1926 AF : sc  
White-tailed Lark Mirafra albicauda  Reichenow, 1891 AF : c, ec  
Melodious Lark Mirafra cheniana  Smith, A, 1843 AF : se  
Kordofan Lark Mirafra cordofanica  Strickland, 1852 AF : c, wc  
Williams's Lark Mirafra williamsi  Macdonald, 1956 AF : n, c Kenya  
Friedmann's Lark Mirafra pulpa  Friedmann, 1930 AF : ec  
Rufous-naped Lark Mirafra africana  Smith, A, 1836 AF : widespread  
        M. a. henrici  Bates, 1930 Guinea to sw Ivory Coast  
        M. a. batesi  Bannerman, 1923 c Nigeria to se Niger and w Chad  
        M. a. stresemanni  Bannerman, 1923 nc Cameroon  
        M. a. bamendae  Serle, 1959 w Cameroon  
        M. a. kurrae  Lynes, 1923 w Sudan  
        M. a. tropicalis  Hartert, 1900 e Uganda and w Kenya to nw Tanzania  
        M. a. sharpii  Elliot, 1897 sw Somalia  
        M. a. ruwenzoria  Kinnear, 1921 e DR Congo to sw Uganda  
        M. a. athi  Hartert, 1900 c Kenya to ne Tanzania  
        M. a. harterti  Neumann, 1908 sc Kenya  
        M. a. malbranti  Chapin, 1946 Gabon to s DR Congo  
        M. a. chapini  Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1939 se DR Congo and nw Zambia  
        M. a. occidentalis  (Hartlaub, 1857) w Angola  
        M. a. kabalii  White, CMN, 1943 ne Angola and nw Zambia  
        M. a. gomesi  White, CMN, 1944 e Angola and w Zambia  
        M. a. grisescens  Sharpe, 1902 w Zambia,n Botswanna and nw Zimbabwe  
        M. a. pallida  Sharpe, 1902 sw Angola and nw Namibia  
        M. a. ghansiensis  (Roberts, 1932) e Namibia and w Botswana  
        M. a. nigrescens  Reichenow, 1900 ne Zambia and s Tanzania  
        M. a. isolata  Clancey, 1956 se Malawi  
        M. a. nyikae  Benson, 1939 e Zambia, n Malawi and sw Tanzania  
        M. a. transvaalensis  Hartert, 1900 Tanzania to n South Africa  
        M. a. africana  Smith, A, 1836 se South Africa  
Red-winged Lark Mirafra hypermetra  (Reichenow, 1879) AF : ec  
        M. h. kathangorensis  Cave, 1940 se Sudan  
        M. h. kidepoensis  Macdonald, 1940 s Sudan and ne Uganda  
        M. h. gallarum  Hartert, 1907 Ethiopia  
        M. h. hypermetra  (Reichenow, 1879) s Somalia to ne Tanzania  
Somali Lark Mirafra somalica  (Witherby, 1903) AF : Somalia  
        M. s. somalica  (Witherby, 1903) n Somalia  
        M. s. rochei  Colston, 1982 c Somalia  
Ash's Lark Mirafra ashi  Colston, 1982 AF : e Somalia  
Angola Lark Mirafra angolensis  Barboza du Bocage, 1880 AF : sc  
        M. a. marungensis  Hall, BP, 1958 se DR Congo and sw Tanzania  
        M. a. angolensis  Barboza du Bocage, 1880 n, w and c Angola  
        M. a. antonii  Hall, BP, 1958 e Angola to s DR Congo and nw Zambia  
Flappet Lark Mirafra rufocinnamomea  (Salvadori, 1865) AF : widespread  
        M. r. buckleyi  (Shelley, 1873) s Mauritania and Senegal to n Cameroon  
        M. r. serlei  White, CMN, 1960 se Nigeria  
        M. r. tigrina  Oustalet, 1892 e Cameroon to n DR Congo  
        M. r. furensis  Lynes, 1923 wc Sudan  
        M. r. sobatensis  Lynes, 1914 c Sudan  
        M. r. rufocinnamomea  (Salvadori, 1865) nw and c Ethiopia  
        M. r. omoensis  Neumann, 1928 sw Ethiopia  
        M. r. torrida  Shelley, 1882 se Sudan and s Ethiopia to n Uganda, c Kenya and c Tanzania  
        M. r. kawirondensis  van Someren, 1921 e DR Congo, w Uganda and w Kenya  
        M. r. fischeri  (Reichenow, 1878) Angola, s DR Congo, n Zambia and n Mozambique n through e Tanzania, e Kenya to s Somalia  
        M. r. schoutedeni  White, CMN, 1956 Gabon and Central African Republic to w DR Congo and nw Angola  
        M. r. lwenarum  White, CMN, 1945 nw Zambia  
        M. r. smithersi  White, CMN, 1956 n Zambia, Zimbabwe, ne Botswana and n South Africa  
        M. r. pintoi  White, CMN, 1956 s Mozambique, Swaziland and ne South Africa  
        M. r. mababiensis  (Roberts, 1932) w Zambia to c Botswana  
Cape Clapper Lark Mirafra apiata  (Vieillot, 1816) AF : sw Namibia, w, sc South Africa ENG : Change English name of Mirafra apiata to Cape Clapper Lark and Range to “sw Namibia, w, sc, S. Africa“ with split of M.fasciolata
        M. a. apiata  (Vieillot, 1816) sw Namibia and w South Africa  
        M. a. marjoriae  Winterbottom, 1956 sw South Africa  
Eastern Clapper Lark Mirafra fasciolata  (Sundevall, 1850) AF : sw Zambia, n, ec Namibia, Botswana, c and e South Africa. AS : Mirafra fasciolata is split from M.apiata (Sinclair & Ryan 2003, Hockey, Dean & Ryan eds 2005)
        M. f. reynoldsi  Benson & Irwin, 1965 n Namibia, n Botswana and sw Zambia  
        M. f. jappi  Traylor, 1962 w Zambia  
        M. f. nata  Smithers, 1955 ne Botswana  
        M. f. damarensis  Sharpe, 1875 n and c Namibia, w and c Botswana  
        M. f. fasciolata  (Sundevall, 1850) sc Botswana, n and c South Africa  
Collared Lark Mirafra collaris  Sharpe, 1896 AF : e  
Bengal Bush Lark Mirafra assamica  Horsfield, 1840 OR : n India  
Jerdon's Bush Lark Mirafra affinis  Blyth, 1845 OR : s India, Sri Lanka  
Burmese Bush Lark Mirafra microptera  Hume, 1873 OR : c Burma  
Indochinese Bush Lark Mirafra erythrocephala  Salvadori & Giglioli, 1885 OR : Southeast Asia  
Rusty Bush Lark Mirafra rufa  Lynes, 1920 AF : c, w  
        M. r. nigriticola  Bates, 1932 Mali to Niger  
        M. r. rufa  Lynes, 1920 Chad and w Sudan  
        M. r. lynesi  Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1933 c Sudan  
Gillett's Lark Mirafra gilletti  Sharpe, 1895 AF : e TAX : Gillett‘s Lark Mirafra giletti includes Degodi Lark M.degodiensis as a synonym (Collar et al 2009)
        M. g. gilletti  Sharpe, 1895 e Ethiopia and nw Somalia  
        M. g. degodiensis  Érard, 1976 se Ethiopia  
        M. g. arorihensis  Érard, 1976 c Somalia to ne kenya  
Indian Bush Lark Mirafra erythroptera  Blyth, 1845 OR : India, Pakistan  
        M. e. sindiana  Ticehurst, 1920 Pakistan and nw India  
        M. e. erythroptera  Blyth, 1845 c and s India  
Rudd's Lark Heteromirafra ruddi  (Grant, 1908) AF : South Africa  
Archer's Lark Heteromirafra archeri  Clarke, S, 1920 AF : nw Somalia  
Sidamo Lark Heteromirafra sidamoensis  (Érard, 1975) AF : s Ethiopia  
Fawn-colored Lark Calendulauda africanoides  (Smith, A, 1836) AF : sc  
        C. a. trapnelli  (White, CMN, 1943) se Angola and sw Zambia  
        C. a. harei  (Roberts, 1917) c Namibia to sw Botswana and nw South Africa  
        C. a. makarikari  (Roberts, 1932) sw Angola and n Namibia to w Zambia and n and c Botswana  
        C. a. sarwensis  (Roberts, 1932) w Botswana, e Namibia and nc South Africa  
        C. a. vincenti  (Roberts, 1938) c Zimbabwe and s Mozambique  
        C. a. austinrobertsi  (White, CMN, 1947) e Botswana, sw Zimbabwe and ne South Africa  
        C. a. africanoides  (Smith, A, 1836) s Namibia, s Botswana, and n South Africa  
Foxy Lark Calendulauda alopex  (Sharpe, 1890) AF : ec  
        C. a. intercedens  (Reichenow, 1895) e and s Ethiopia and w Somalia to e Uganda, Kenya and n Tanzania  
        C. a. alopex  (Sharpe, 1890) extreme e Ethiopia and n Somalia  
Pink-breasted Lark Calendulauda poecilosterna  (Reichenow, 1879) AF : ne Africa  
Sabota Lark Calendulauda sabota  (Smith, A, 1836) AF : s  
        C. s. plebeja  (Cabanis, 1875) Cabinda coast (nw Angola)  
        C. s. ansorgei  (Sclater, WL, 1926) w Angola  
        C. s. naevia  (Strickland, 1853) nw Namibia  
        C. s. waibeli  (Grote, 1922) n Namibia and n Botswana  
        C. s. herero  (Roberts, 1936) s and Namibia, nw South Africa  
        C. s. sabota  (Smith, A, 1836) e Botswana, c Zimbabwe and ne South Africa  
        C. s. sabotoides  (Roberts, 1932) c and s Botswana, w Zimbabwe and n South Africa  
        C. s. suffusca  (Clancey, 1958) se Zimbabwe, s Mozambique and e South Africa  
        C. s. bradfieldi  (Roberts, 1928) c South Africa  
Karoo Lark Calendulauda albescens  (Lafresnaye, 1839) AF : South Africa  
        C. a. codea  (Smith, A, 1843) w South Africa  
        C. a. albescens  (Lafresnaye, 1839) sw South Africa  
        C. a. guttata  (Lafresnaye, 1839) c South Africa  
Dune Lark Calendulauda erythrochlamys  (Strickland, 1853) AF : wc Namibia  
Barlow's Lark Calendulauda barlowi  (Roberts, 1937) AF : sw Namibia, nw South Africa  
        C. b. barlowi  (Roberts, 1937) Koichab River to Aus (sw Namibia)  
        C. b. patae  (Macdonald, 1953) coastal sw Namibia to nw South Africa  
        C. b. cavei  (Macdonald, 1953) inland sw Namibia to nw South Africa  
Red Lark Calendulauda burra  (Bangs, 1930) AF : c South Africa  
Benguela Long-billed Lark Certhilauda benguelensis  (Sharpe, 1904) AF : sw Angola, nw Namibia  
        C. b. benguelensis  (Sharpe, 1904) sw Angola and nw Namibia  
        C. b. kaokoensis  Bradfield, 1944 nw and wc Namibia  
Karoo Long-billed Lark Certhilauda subcoronata  Smith, A, 1843 AF : sw  
        C. s. damarensis  (Sharpe, 1904) c Namibia  
        C. s. bradshawi  (Sharpe, 1904) s Namibia and nw South Africa  
        C. s. subcoronata  Smith, A, 1843 wc South Africa  
        C. s. gilli  Roberts, 1936 s South Africa  
Eastern Long-billed Lark Certhilauda semitorquata  Smith, A, 1836 AF : se  
        C. s. transvaalensis  Roberts, 1936 e South Africa  
        C. s. semitorquata  Smith, A, 1836 c South Africa  
        C. s. algida  Quickelberge, 1967 se South Africa  
Cape Long-billed Lark Certhilauda curvirostris  (Hermann, 1783) AF : sw Namibia, w South Africa  
        C. c. falcirostris  Reichenow, 1916 sw Namibia to w South Africa  
        C. c. curvirostris  (Hermann, 1783) sw South Africa  
Agulhas Long-billed Lark Certhilauda brevirostris  Roberts, 1941 AF : s South Africa  
Short-clawed Lark Certhilauda chuana  (Smith, A, 1836) AF : sc  
Dusky Lark Pinarocorys nigricans  (Sundevall, 1850) AF : c, s  
        P. n. nigricans  (Sundevall, 1850) se DR Congo, nw Zambia and sw Tanzania  
        P. n. occidentis  Clancey, 1968 sw DR Congo and n Angola  
Rufous-rumped Lark Pinarocorys erythropygia  (Strickland, 1852) AF : c, w  
Spike-heeled Lark Chersomanes albofasciata  (Lafresnaye, 1836) AF : s, sw  
        C. a. obscurata  (Hartert, 1907) sw and c Angola  
        C. a. erikssoni  (Hartert, 1907) n Namibia  
        C. a. kalahariae  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1912) s and w Botswana, n South Africa  
        C. a. boweni  (Meyer de Schauensee, 1931) nw Namibia  
        C. a. arenaria  (Reichenow, 1904) s Namibia and sw South Africa  
        C. a. barlowi  White, CMN, 1961 e Botswana  
        C. a. alticola  Roberts, 1932 ne South Africa  
        C. a. albofasciata  (Lafresnaye, 1836) se Botswana to c South Africa  
        C. a. garrula  (Smith, A, 1846) w South Africa  
        C. a. macdonaldi  (Winterbottom, 1958) s South Africa  
Beesley's Lark Chersomanes beesleyi  Benson, 1966 AF : ne Tanzania AS : Chersomanes beesleyi is split from C.albofasciata (Sinclair and Ryan 2003)
Greater Hoopoe-Lark Alaemon alaudipes  (Desfontaines, 1789) AF, EU : Morocco to Pakistan  
        A. a. boavistae  Hartert, 1917 Cape Verde Is.  
        A. a. alaudipes  (Desfontaines, 1789) n Africa from s Morocco and Mauritania to the Sinai  
        A. a. desertorum  (Stanley, 1814) ne Sudan to n Somalia, c Saudi Arabia to s Yemen  
        A. a. doriae  (Salvadori, 1868) e Arabia to Iraq, Iran and nw India  
Lesser Hoopoe-Lark Alaemon hamertoni  Witherby, 1905 AF : Somalia  
        A. h. alter  Witherby, 1905 n and ne Somalia  
        A. h. tertius  Clarke, S, 1919 nw Somalia  
        A. h. hamertoni  Witherby, 1905 c Somalia  
Thick-billed Lark Ramphocoris clotbey  (Bonaparte, 1850) AF : nw, also c Arabian Peninsula  
Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra  (Linnaeus, 1766) EU : sw, also n Africa  
        M. c. calandra  (Linnaeus, 1766) s Europe and nw Africa to Turkey (except sc and se), Transcaucasia and nw Iran.  
        M. c. psammochroa  Hartert, 1904 n Iraq and n Iran to Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan  
        M. c. gaza  Meinertzhagen, 1919 e Syria and se Turkey to sw Iran  
        M. c. hebraica  Meinertzhagen, 1920 sc Turkey and nw Syria to Israel and w Jordan  
Bimaculated Lark Melanocorypha bimaculata  (Ménétries, 1832) EU : sc  
        M. b. bimaculata  (Ménétries, 1832) e Turkey, Transcaucasia and n Iran  
        M. b. rufescens  Brehm, CL, 1855 c and s Turkey, w Syria and Lebanon, Iraq?  
        M. b. torquata  Blyth, 1847 ne Iran, Kazakhstan and Afghanistan  
Mongolian Lark Melanocorypha mongolica  (Pallas, 1776) EU : e  
Tibetan Lark Melanocorypha maxima  Blyth, 1867 EU : Tibet  
        M. m. flavescens  Stegmann, 1937 wc China  
        M. m. maxima  Blyth, 1867 c and sc China  
        M. m. holdereri  Reichenow, 1911 nc China  
White-winged Lark Melanocorypha leucoptera  (Pallas, 1811) EU : c  
Black Lark Melanocorypha yeltoniensis  (Forster, JR, 1768) EU : c  
Bar-tailed Lark Ammomanes cinctura  (Gould, 1839) AF, EU : Morocco to Pakistan  
        A. c. cinctura  (Gould, 1839) Cape Verde Is.  
        A. c. arenicolor  (Sundevall, 1850) North African deserts to the Sinai Pen. and w Arabia  
        A. c. zarudnyi  Hartert, 1902 e Iran, s Afghanistan and s Pakistan  
Rufous-tailed Lark Ammomanes phoenicura  (Franklin, 1831) OR : India, Pakistan  
        A. p. phoenicura  (Franklin, 1831) ne Pakistan, c India  
        A. p. testacea  Koelz, 1951 s India  
Desert Lark Ammomanes deserti  (Lichtenstein, 1823) AF, EU : Morocco to w India  
        A. d. payni  Hartert, 1924 s Morocco, sw Algeria  
        A. d. algeriensis  Sharpe, 1890 n Algeria, Tunisia, nw Libya and nw Chad  
        A. d. whitakeri  Hartert, 1911 se Algeria and sw Libya  
        A. d. mya  Hartert, 1912 c Algeria  
        A. d. geyri  Hartert, 1924 Mauritania to s Algeria and nw Niger  
        A. d. kollmannspergeri  Niethammer, 1955 ne Chad and w Sudan  
        A. d. deserti  (Lichtenstein, 1823) e Egypt to n Sudan  
        A. d. erythrochroa  Reichenow, 1904 w Chad to c Sudan  
        A. d. isabellina  (Temminck, 1823) n Egypt to c Arabia and sw Iraq  
        A. d. samharensis  Shelley, 1902 ne Sudan, Eritrea and s Arabia  
        A. d. taimuri  Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1953 n Oman and UAE  
        A. d. assabensis  Salvadori, 1902 s Eritrea, Ethiopia and nw Somalia  
        A. d. akeleyi  Elliot, 1897 n Somalia  
        A. d. azizi  Ticehurst & Cheesman, 1924 ec Arabia  
        A. d. saturata  Ogilvie-Grant, 1900 s Arabia  
        A. d. insularis  Ripley, 1951 Bahrain  
        A. d. annae  Meinertzhagen, 1923 Jordan and s Syria  
        A. d. coxi  Meinertzhagen, 1923 s Turkey, Syria and n Iraq  
        A. d. cheesmani  Meinertzhagen, 1923 e Iraq and w Iran  
        A. d. darica  Koelz, 1951 sw Iran  
        A. d. parvirostris  Hartert, 1890 ne Iran and w Turkmenistan  
        A. d. orientalis  Zarudny & Loudon, 1904 ne Iran, n Afghanistan, s Turkmenistan, s Uzbekistan and s Tajikistan  
        A. d. iranica  Zarudny, 1911 e Iran to sw Afghanistan and w Pakistan  
        A. d. phoenicuroides  (Blyth, 1853) se Afghanistan, e Pakistan and nw India  
Gray's Lark Ammomanopsis grayi  (Wahlberg, 1855) AF : sw  
        A. g. hoeschi  (Niethammer, 1955) nw Namibia and sw Angola  
        A. g. grayi  (Wahlberg, 1855) wc and sw Namibia  
Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla  (Leisler, 1814) EU : c, s  
        C. b. brachydactyla  (Leisler, 1814) s Europe and Mediterranean islands, nw Africa?  
        C. b. hungarica  Horváth, 1956 Hungary and n Serbia  
        C. b. rubiginosa  Fromholz, 1913 n Africa  
        C. b. hermonensis  Tristram, 1865 s Turkey and Syria to ne Egypt  
        C. b. woltersi  Kumerloeve, 1969 s Turkey and nw Syria  
        C. b. artemisiana  Banjkowski, 1913 c Turkey and Transcaucasia to nw Iran  
        C. b. longipennis  (Eversmann, 1848) Ukraine and s Russia to sc Siberia and s Mongolia  
        C. b. orientalis  Sushkin, 1925 c Siberia, n Mongolia and n China  
        C. b. dukhunensis  (Sykes, 1832) w and c China  
Blanford's Lark Calandrella blanfordi  (Shelley, 1902) AF : ne, also s Arabian Peninsula ENG : Accept recommendation by Redman et al to use shorter name of Blandford‘s Lark for Calandrella blanfordi
        C. b. eremica  (Reichenow & Peters, JL, 1932) sw Arabia  
        C. b. blanfordi  (Shelley, 1902) n Eritrea  
        C. b. daaroodensis  White, CMN, 1960 n Somalia  
Erlanger's Lark Calandrella erlangeri  (Neumann, 1906) AF : Ethiopia  
Red-capped Lark Calandrella cinerea  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) AF : s  
        C. c. saturatior  Reichenow, 1904 Uganda and w Kenya s to Angola, ne Namibia, n Botswana and Zambia  
        C. c. williamsi  Clancey, 1952 c Kenya  
        C. c. spleniata  (Strickland, 1853) wc Angola to wc Namibia  
        C. c. cinerea  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) s, c Namibia, s Botswana, Zimbabwe, s Africa  
Hume's Short-toed Lark Calandrella acutirostris  Hume, 1873 EU : sc  
        C. a. acutirostris  Hume, 1873 ne Iran and e Kazakhstan to w China  
        C. a. tibetana  Brooks, WE, 1880 ne Pakistan to Tibetan Plateau  
Sand Lark Calandrella raytal  (Blyth, 1845) OR : Iran to Burma  
        C. r. adamsi  (Hume, 1871) se Iran, Pakistan, e Afghanistan and nw India  
        C. r. raytal  (Blyth, 1845) nc to s Burma  
        C. r. krishnakumarsinhji  Vaurie & Dharmakumarsinhji, 1954 wc India  
Lesser Short-toed Lark Calandrella rufescens  (Vieillot, 1819) EU : s, also n Africa  
        C. r. rufescens  (Vieillot, 1819) Tenerife I. (wc Canary Is.)  
        C. r. polatzeki  Hartert, 1904 e Canary Is.  
        C. r. apetzii  (Brehm, AE, 1857) s Iberian Pen.  
        C. r. minor  (Cabanis, 1851) Morroco to nw Egypt, s Turkey to the Sinai Pen.and e Iraq  
        C. r. nicolli  Hartert, 1909 Nile Delta (n Egypt)  
        C. r. pseudobaetica  Stegmann, 1932 e Turkey, Transcaucasia and n Iran  
        C. r. heinei  (Homeyer, 1873) Ukraine to e Kazakhstan  
Asian Short-toed Lark Calandrella cheleensis  (Swinhoe, 1871) EU : sc to e  
        C. c. niethammeri  Kumerloeve, 1963 c Turkey  
        C. c. persica  (Sharpe, 1890) e and s Iraq to s and sw Afghanistan  
        C. c. leucophaea  Severtsov, 1873 Kazakhstan to Turkmenistan  
        C. c. seebohmi  (Sharpe, 1890) nw China  
        C. c. tuvinica  Stepanyan, 1975 nw Mongolia and s Russia  
        C. c. cheleensis  (Swinhoe, 1871) sc Siberia, ne Mongolia and ne China  
        C. c. kukunoorensis  (Przewalski, 1876) wc China  
        C. c. beicki  Meise, 1933 s Mongolia and nc China  
Somali Short-toed Lark Calandrella somalica  (Sharpe, 1895) AF : e, ne  
        C. s. perconfusa  White, CMN, 1960 nw Somalia  
        C. s. somalica  (Sharpe, 1895) e Ethiopia and n Somalia  
        C. s. megaensis  Benson, 1946 s Ethiopia to c Kenya  
Athi Short-toed Lark Calandrella athensis  (Sharpe, 1900) AF : s Kenya, n Tanzania  
Pink-billed Lark Spizocorys conirostris  (Sundevall, 1850) AF : sc  
        S. c. damarensis  Roberts, 1922 nw Namibia  
        S. c. crypta  (Irwin, 1957) ne Botswana  
        S. c. makawai  (Traylor, 1962) w Zambia  
        S. c. harti  (Benson, 1964) sw Zambia  
        S. c. barlowi  Roberts, 1942 s Namibia, s Botswana and nw South Africa  
        S. c. transiens  (Clancey, 1959) se Botswana, n and c South Africa  
        S. c. conirostris  (Sundevall, 1850) e South Africa  
Botha's Lark Spizocorys fringillaris  (Sundevall, 1850) AF : ne South Africa  
Sclater's Lark Spizocorys sclateri  (Shelley, 1902) AF : w South Africa, s Namibia  
Obbia Lark Spizocorys obbiensis  Witherby, 1905 AF : c Somalia  
Masked Lark Spizocorys personata  Sharpe, 1895 AF : Ethiopia, Kenya  
        S. p. personata  Sharpe, 1895 e Ethiopia  
        S. p. yavelloensis  (Benson, 1947) s Ethiopia and n Kenya  
        S. p. mcchesneyi  (Williams, JG, 1957) Marsabit Plateau (n Kenya)  
        S. p. intensa  (Rothschild, 1931) c Kenya  
Stark's Lark Spizocorys starki  (Shelley, 1902) AF : sw TAX : Separate Stark‘s Lark from Eremalauda to Spizocorys (de Juana et al 2004, Hockey, Dean & Ryan 2005)
Dunn's Lark Eremalauda dunni  (Shelley, 1904) AF : c, w, also c Arabian Peninsula  
        E. d. dunni  (Shelley, 1904) Mauritania to c Sudan  
        E. d. eremodites  (Meinertzhagen, 1923) Syria to Jordan and through Saudi Arabia to Oman  
Dupont's Lark Chersophilus duponti  (Vieillot, 1824) AF : n, also Spain  
        C. d. duponti  (Vieillot, 1824) s Spain, n Morocco, N Algeria and n Tunisia  
        C. d. margaritae  (Koenig, AF, 1888) c Algeria to w Egypt  
Short-tailed Lark Pseudalaemon fremantlii  (Lort Phillips, 1897) AF : e, ne  
        P. f. fremantlii  (Lort Phillips, 1897) se Ethiopia and Somalia  
        P. f. megaensis  Benson, 1946 s Ethiopia and n Kenya  
        P. f. delamerei  Sharpe, 1900 s Kenya, n Tanzania  
Crested Lark Galerida cristata  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU, AF : widespread  
        G. c. pallida  Brehm, CL, 1858 Iberian Pen.  
        G. c. cristata  (Linnaeus, 1758) s Scandinavia and France e to Ukraine and Hungary  
        G. c. neumanni  Hilgert, 1907 wc Italy  
        G. c. apuliae  von Jordans, 1935 s Italy and Sicily  
        G. c. meridionalis  Brehm, CL, 1841 e Croatia to c Greece and w Turkey  
        G. c. cypriaca  Bianchi, 1907 Rhodes, Karpathos and Cyprus  
        G. c. tenuirostris  Brehm, CL, 1858 e Hungary and Romania to s Russia and Kazakhstan  
        G. c. caucasica  Taczanowski, 1888 e Aegean islands, n Turkey and s Caucasus  
        G. c. kleinschmidti  Erlanger, 1899 nw Morocco  
        G. c. riggenbachi  Hartert, 1902 w Morocco  
        G. c. carthaginis  Kleinschmidt, O & Hilgert, 1905 ne Morocco to n Tunesia  
        G. c. arenicola  Tristram, 1859 ne Algeria, s Tunesia and nw Libya  
        G. c. festae  Hartert, 1922 coastal ne Libya  
        G. c. brachyura  Tristram, 1865 inland ne Libya to s Iraq and n Arabia  
        G. c. helenae  Lavauden, 1926 se Algeria and sw Libya  
        G. c. jordansi  Niethammer, 1955 Air Mts. (n Niger)  
        G. c. nigricans  Brehm, CL, 1855 Nile Delta (n Egypt)  
        G. c. maculata  Brehm, CL, 1858 c Egypt  
        G. c. halfae  Nicoll, 1921 s Egypt and n Sudan  
        G. c. altirostris  Brehm, CL, 1855 e Sudan and Eritrea  
        G. c. somaliensis  Reichenow, 1907 s Ethiopia, n Somalia and n Kenya  
        G. c. balsaci  Dekeyser & Villiers, 1950 coastal Mauritania  
        G. c. senegallensis  (Statius Müller, 1776) Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia to Niger  
        G. c. alexanderi  Neumann, 1908 n Nigeria to w Sudan and ne Central African Republic  
        G. c. isabellina  Bonaparte, 1850 c Sudan  
        G. c. cinnamomina  Hartert, 1904 w Lebanon and nw Israel  
        G. c. zion  Meinertzhagen, 1920 s Turkey to ne Israel  
        G. c. subtaurica  (Kollibay, 1912) c Turkey to sw Turkmenistan and n Iran  
        G. c. magna  Hume, 1871 Kazakhstan to s Mongolia and nw China  
        G. c. leautungensis  (Swinhoe, 1861) ne and e China  
        G. c. coreensis  Taczanowski, 1888 Korea  
        G. c. iwanowi  Loudon & Zarudny, 1903 c Iran and c Turkmenistan to nw Pakistan  
        G. c. lynesi  Whistler, 1928 n Pakistan  
        G. c. chendoola  (Franklin, 1831) c and e Pakistan through w and n India to s Nepal  
Maghreb Lark Galerida macrorhyncha  Tristram, 1859 AF : e Morocco to n Algeria; Maghreb Desert AS, TAX : Maghreb Lark Galerida macrorhyncha is split from Crested Lark (Guillaumet et al 2006, 2008); correct species name is macrorhyncha, not randonii
        G. m. randoni  Loche, 1860 e Morocco and nw Algeria  
        G. m. macrorhyncha  Tristram, 1859 s Morocco and w Algeria to wc Mauritania  
Thekla Lark Galerida theklae  Brehm, AE, 1857 AF : n, e, also Spain and Portugal TAX : Thekla Lark comprises several possible species, e.g. East African populations (hueii, praetermissa and elliotii) exhibit deep genetic divergences among themselves and from Mediterranean populations (Guillaumet et al 2008)
        G. t. theklae  Brehm, AE, 1857 Portugal, Spain, Balearic Is. and extreme s France  
        G. t. erlangeri  Hartert, 1904 n Morocco  
        G. t. ruficolor  Whitaker, 1898 c and ne Morocco, n Algeria and n Tunesia  
        G. t. theresae  Meinertzhagen, 1939 sw Morocco and Mauritania  
        G. t. superflua  Hartert, 1897 e Morocco, n Algeria and e Tunisia  
        G. t. carolinae  Erlanger, 1897 e Morocco through the n Sahara to nw Egypt  
        G. t. harrarensis  Érard & Jarry, 1973 e Ethiopia  
        G. t. huei  Érard & Naurois, 1973 sc Ethiopia  
        G. t. praetermissa  (Blanford, 1869) s Eritrea to c Ethiopia  
        G. t. ellioti  Hartert, 1897 n and c Somalia  
        G. t. mallablensis  Colston, 1982 s Somalia  
        G. t. huriensis  Benson, 1947 s Ethjiopia and n Kenya  
Malabar Lark Galerida malabarica  (Scopoli, 1786) OR : w India  
Sykes's Lark Galerida deva  (Sykes, 1832) OR : c India  
Sun Lark Galerida modesta  Heuglin, 1864 AF : widespread  
        G. m. modesta  Heuglin, 1864 Burkina Faso and n Ghana east to s Sudan  
        G. m. nigrita  (Grote, 1920) Senegal and Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone and s Mali  
        G. m. struempelli  (Reichenow, 1910) Cameroon  
        G. m. bucolica  (Hartlaub, 1887) se Central African Republic, ne DR Congo and extreme nw Uganda  
Large-billed Lark Galerida magnirostris  (Stephens, 1826) AF : s  
        G. m. magnirostris  (Stephens, 1826) sw South Africa  
        G. m. sedentaria  Clancey, 1993 sw Namibia and w South Africa  
        G. m. harei  (Roberts, 1924) c South Africa  
        G. m. montivaga  (Vincent, 1948) Lesotho  
Woodlark Lullula arborea  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : w, also n Africa  
        L. a. arborea  (Linnaeus, 1758) n, w and c Europe to w Russia and Ukraine  
        L. a. pallida  Zarudny, 1902 s Europe and nw Africa through the Middle East to Iran and Turkmenistan  
Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis  Linnaeus, 1758 EU : widespread  
        A. a. arvensis  Linnaeus, 1758 n, w and c Europe  
        A. a. sierrae  Weigold, 1913 Portugal, c and s Spain  
        A. a. harterti  Whitaker, 1904 nw Africa  
        A. a. cantarella  Bonaparte, 1850 s Europe from ne Spain to Turkey and the Caucasus  
        A. a. armenica  Bogdanov, 1879 se Turkey to Iran  
        A. a. dulcivox  Hume, 1872 se European Russia and w Siberia to nw China and sw Mongolia  
        A. a. kiborti  Zaliesski, 1917 s Siberia, n and e Mongolia and ne China  
        A. a. intermedia  Swinhoe, 1863 nc Siberia to ne China and Korea  
        A. a. pekinensis  Swinhoe, 1863 ne Siberia, Kamchatka Pen. and Kuril Is.  
        A. a. lonnbergi  Hachisuka, 1926 n Sakhalin I.  
        A. a. japonica  Temminck & Schlegel, 1848 s Sakhalin I., s Kuril Is., Japan and Ryukyu Is.  
Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula  Franklin, 1831 OR : widespread, also c Asia  
        A. g. lhamarum  Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, A, 1926 Pamir Mts. and w Himalayas  
        A. g. inopinata  Bianchi, 1905 Tibetan Plateau and nw China  
        A. g. vernayi  Mayr, 1941 e Himalayas and sw China  
        A. g. inconspicua  Severtsov, 1873 s Kazakhstan to e Iran, Pakistan and nw India  
        A. g. gulgula  Franklin, 1831 nc India to Sri Lanka and e to n Indochina  
        A. g. dharmakumarsinhjii  Abdulali, 1976 wc India  
        A. g. australis  Brooks, WE, 1873 sw India  
        A. g. weigoldi  Hartert, 1922 c and e China  
        A. g. coelivox  Swinhoe, 1859 s and se China, n Vietnam  
        A. g. sala  Swinhoe, 1870 Hainan I. (off se China)  
        A. g. herberti  Hartert, 1923 c and se Thailand to s Vietnam  
        A. g. wattersi  Swinhoe, 1871 Taiwan  
        A. g. wolfei  Hachisuka, 1930 Luzon (n Philippines)  
Raso Lark Alauda razae  (Alexander, 1898) AF : Cape Verde Islands  
Black-eared Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix australis  (Smith, A, 1836) AF : s  
Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix leucotis  (Stanley, 1814) AF : widespread  
        E. l. melanocephalus  (Lichtenstein, 1823) Senegal and Gambia to c Sudan  
        E. l. leucotis  (Stanley, 1814) s and e Sudan, Eritrea, Ehiopia and nw Somalia  
        E. l. madaraszi  (Zarudny, 1902) s Somalia and Kenya to n Malawi and n Mozambique  
        E. l. hoeschi  White, CMN, 1959 s Angola and n Namibia to w Zimbabwe  
        E. l. smithi  (Bonaparte, 1850) s Zambia and s Malawi to e South Africa  
Chestnut-headed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix signatus  (Oustalet, 1886) AF : e, ne  
        E. s. harrisoni  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1900) se Sudan and nw Kenya  
        E. s. signatus  (Oustalet, 1886) s and e Ethiopia, Somalia and e Kenya  
Grey-backed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix verticalis  (Smith, A, 1836) AF : s, sc  
        E. v. khama  Irwin, 1957 ne Botswana, w Zimbabwe and w Zambia  
        E. v. harti  Benson & Irwin, 1965 sw Zambia  
        E. v. damarensis  Roberts, 1931 w Angola and sw Zambia to w South Africa  
        E. v. verticalis  (Smith, A, 1836) se Botswana and sw Zimbabwe to s South Africa  
Black-crowned Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix nigriceps  (Gould, 1839) AF, EU : Mauritania to nw India  
        E. n. nigriceps  (Gould, 1839) Cape Verde Is.  
        E. n. albifrons  (Sundevall, 1850) Mauritania and Senegal to Sudan  
        E. n. melanauchen  (Cabanis, 1851) e Sudan to Somalia, Arabia, s Iraq and s Iran  
        E. n. forbeswatsoni  Ripley & Bond, 1966 Socotra I.  
        E. n. affinis  (Blyth, 1867) se Iran to nw India  
Ashy-crowned Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix griseus  (Scopoli, 1786) OR : India, Pakistan  
Fischer's Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix leucopareia  (Fischer, GA & Reichenow, 1884) AF : e  
Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris  (Linnaeus, 1758) NA, MA, EU : widespread  
        E. a. arcticola  (Oberholser, 1902) n Alaska to British Columbia (w Canada)  
        E. a. hoyti  (Bishop, 1896) n Canada  
        E. a. alpestris  (Linnaeus, 1758) e Canada  
        E. a. merrilli  (Dwight, 1890) w coast of Canada and USA  
        E. a. strigata  (Henshaw, 1884) coastal s British Columbia (w Canada) to coastal Oregon (w USA)  
        E. a. alpina  (Jewett, 1943) mts. of w Washington (nw USA)  
        E. a. lamprochroma  (Oberholser, 1932) inland mts. of w USA  
        E. a. leucolaema  Coues, 1874 s Alberta (sw Canada) through nc and c USA  
        E. a. enthymia  (Oberholser, 1902) sc Canada to Oklahoma and Texas (c USA)  
        E. a. praticola  (Henshaw, 1884) se Canada, ne and ec USA  
        E. a. sierrae  (Oberholser, 1920) mountains of ne California (w USA)  
        E. a. rubea  (Henshaw, 1884) c California (w USA)  
        E. a. utahensis  (Behle, 1938) mountains of wc USA  
        E. a. insularis  (Dwight, 1890) islands off s California (w USA)  
        E. a. actia  (Oberholser, 1902) coastal mountains of s California (w USA) and n Baja California (nw Mexico)  
        E. a. ammophila  (Oberholser, 1902) deserts of se California and sw Nevada (sw USA)  
        E. a. leucansiptila  (Oberholser, 1902) deserts of s Nevada, w Arizona (sw USA) and nw Mexico  
        E. a. occidentalis  (McCall, 1851) n Arizona to c New Mexico (sw USA)  
        E. a. adusta  (Dwight, 1890) s Arizona and s New Mexico (sw USA), nc Mexico?  
        E. a. enertera  (Oberholser, 1907) c Baja California (nw Mexico)  
        E. a. giraudi  (Henshaw, 1884) coastal sc USA and ne Mexico  
        E. a. aphrasta  (Oberholser, 1902) Chihuahua and Durango (nw Mexico)  
        E. a. lactea  Phillips, AR, 1970 Coahuila (nc Mexico)  
        E. a. diaphora  (Oberholser, 1902) s Coahuila to ne Puebla (nc and e Mexico)  
        E. a. chrysolaema  (Wagler, 1831) wc to ec Mexico  
        E. a. oaxacae  (Nelson, 1897) s Mexico  
        E. a. peregrina  (Sclater, PL, 1855) Colombia  
        E. a. flava  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) n Europe and n Asia  
        E. a. brandti  (Dresser, 1874) se European Russia to w Mongolia and n China  
        E. a. atlas  (Whitaker, 1898) Morocco  
        E. a. balcanica  (Reichenow, 1895) s Balkans and Greece  
        E. a. kumerloevei  Roselaar, 1995 w and c Asia Minor  
        E. a. penicillata  (Gould, 1838) e Turkey and the Caucasus to Iran  
        E. a. bicornis  (Brehm, CL, 1842) Lebanon to Israel/Syria border  
        E. a. albigula  (Bonaparte, 1850) ne Iran and Turkmenistan to nw Pakistan  
        E. a. argalea  (Oberholser, 1902) extreme w China  
        E. a. teleschowi  (Przewalski, 1887) w and wc China  
        E. a. przewalskii  (Bianchi, 1904) n Qinghai (wc China)  
        E. a. nigrifrons  (Przewalski, 1876) ne Qinghai (wc China)  
        E. a. longirostris  (Moore, F, 1856) ne Pakistan and w Himalayas  
        E. a. elwesi  (Blanford, 1872) s and e Tibetan Plateau  
        E. a. khamensis  (Bianchi, 1904) sw and sc China  
Temminck's Lark Eremophila bilopha  (Temminck, 1823) AF : n, also Arabian Peninsula  
       
Bulbuls (151)
Family Pycnonotidae
   
Crested Finchbill Spizixos canifrons  Blyth, 1845 OR : ne India, Burma, n Thailand  
        S. c. canifrons  Blyth, 1845 ne India and w Burma  
        S. c. ingrami  Bangs & Phillips, JC, 1914 e Burma, s China and n Indochina  
Collared Finchbill Spizixos semitorques  Swinhoe, 1861 OR : s, c China, n Vietnam, Taiwan  
        S. s. semitorques  Swinhoe, 1861 c and s China, n Vietnam  
        S. s. cinereicapillus  Swinhoe, 1871 Taiwan  
Straw-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus zeylanicus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) OR : Malay Peninsula to Borneo  
Striated Bulbul Pycnonotus striatus  (Blyth, 1842) OR : e Himalayas to n Vietnam  
        P. s. striatus  (Blyth, 1842) e Himalayas, ne India, s China and w Burma  
        P. s. arctus  Ripley, 1948 Mishmi Hills (ne India)  
        P. s. paulus  (Bangs & Phillips, JC, 1914) e Burma, s China and n Indochina  
Cream-striped Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogrammicus  (Müller, S, 1836) OR : Sumatra  
Spot-necked Bulbul Pycnonotus tympanistrigus  (Müller, S, 1836) OR : Sumatra  
Black-and-white Bulbul Pycnonotus melanoleucos  (Eyton, 1839) OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo  
Grey-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus priocephalus  (Jerdon, 1839) OR : sw India  
Black-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus atriceps  (Temminck, 1822) OR : widespread  
        P. a. atriceps  (Temminck, 1822) ne India and Bangladesh though Southeast Asia to the Greater Sundas and w Philippines  
        P. a. hyperemnus  (Oberholser, 1912) w Sumatran islands  
        P. a. baweanus  (Finsch, 1901) Bawean I. (n of Java)  
        P. a. hodiernus  (Bangs & Peters, JL, 1927) Maratua I. (off e Borneo)  
Andaman Bulbul Pycnonotus fuscoflavescens  (Hume, 1873) OR : Andaman Is. AS : Pycnonotus fuscoflavescens is split from P. atriceps (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005, Fishpool & Tobias 2005).
Black-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus melanicterus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) OR : Sri Lanka ENG : Change English name of Pycnonotus melanicterus from “Black-crested Bulbul“ to “Black-capped Bulbul, with split of multiple species. (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005, Fishpool & Tobias 2005)
Black-crested Bulbul Pycnonotus flaviventris  (Tickell, 1833) OR : n, ne India to se Asia AS : Pycnonotus flaviventris is split from P. melanicterus (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005, Fishpool & Tobias 2005).
        P. f. flaviventris  (Tickell, 1833) Nepal, n and e India to s China and c Burma  
        P. f. vantynei  Deignan, 1948 e and s Burma to s China and n Indochina  
        P. f. xanthops  Deignan, 1948 se Burma and w Thailand  
        P. f. auratus  Deignan, 1948 ne Thailand and w Laos  
        P. f. johnsoni  (Gyldenstolpe, 1913) c and se Thailand, s Indochina  
        P. f. elbeli  Deignan, 1954 islands off se Thailand  
        P. f. negatus  Deignan, 1954 s Burma and sw Thailand  
        P. f. caecilii  Deignan, 1948 n Malay Pen.  
Ruby-throated Bulbul Pycnonotus dispar  (Horsfield, 1821) OR : Sumatra, Java, Bali AS : Pycnonotus dispar is split from P. melanicterus (Fishpool & Tobias 2005).
Flame-throated Bulbul Pycnonotus gularis  (Gould, 1836) OR : sw India AS : Pycnonotus gularis is split from P. melanicterus (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005, Fishpool & Tobias 2005).
Bornean Bulbul Pycnonotus montis  (Sharpe, 1879) OR : Borneo AS : Pycnonotus montis is split from P. melanicterus (Fishpool & Tobias 2005).
Scaly-breasted Bulbul Pycnonotus squamatus  (Temminck, 1828) OR : Malay Peninsula to Borneo  
        P. s. webberi  (Hume, 1879) Malay Pen. and Sumatra  
        P. s. squamatus  (Temminck, 1828) Java  
        P. s. borneensis  Chasen, 1941 Borneo  
Grey-bellied Bulbul Pycnonotus cyaniventris  Blyth, 1842 OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo  
        P. c. cyaniventris  Blyth, 1842 Malay Pen. and Sumatra  
        P. c. paroticalis  (Sharpe, 1878) Borneo  
Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus  (Linnaeus, 1758) OR : widespread  
        P. j. fuscicaudatus  (Gould, 1866) w and c India  
        P. j. abuensis  (Whistler, 1931) nw India  
        P. j. pyrrhotis  (Bonaparte, 1850) n India and Nepal  
        P. j. emeria  (Linnaeus, 1758) e India to sw Thailand  
        P. j. whistleri  Deignan, 1948 Andaman Is.  
        P. j. monticola  (Horsfield, 1840) e Himalayas to n Burma and s China  
        P. j. jocosus  (Linnaeus, 1758) se China  
        P. j. pattani  Deignan, 1948 s Burma and n Malay Pen. through Thailand and s Indochina  
Brown-breasted Bulbul Pycnonotus xanthorrhous  Anderson, 1869 OR : c, s China to Burma and n Thailand  
        P. x. xanthorrhous  Anderson, 1869 sw China and n Burma to n Indochina  
        P. x. andersoni  (Swinhoe, 1870) c and s China  
Light-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) OR : c, s China, n Vietnam, Taiwan  
        P. s. sinensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) c and e China  
        P. s. hainanus  (Swinhoe, 1870) se China and n Vietnam  
        P. s. formosae  Hartert, 1910 Taiwan  
        P. s. orii  Kuroda, 1923 s Ryukyu Is.  
Styan's Bulbul Pycnonotus taivanus  Styan, 1893 OR : Taiwan  
Himalayan Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys  (Gray, JE, 1835) EU : Himalayas  
White-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis  (Gould, 1836) EU : sw  
        P. l. mesopotamia  Ticehurst, 1918 ne Arabia, s Iraq and sw Iran  
        P. l. leucotis  (Gould, 1836) s Iran, s Afghanistan, Pakistan and nw India  
Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer  (Linnaeus, 1766) OR : Himalayas, India, Burma  
        P. c. humayuni  Deignan, 1951 se Pakistan, nw and nc India  
        P. c. intermedius  Blyth, 1846 w Himalayas  
        P. c. bengalensis  Blyth, 1845 c and e Himalayas, ne India and Bangladesh  
        P. c. stanfordi  Deignan, 1949 n Burma and sw China  
        P. c. melanchimus  Deignan, 1949 sc Burma  
        P. c. saturatus  (Whistler & Kinnear, 1932) e India  
        P. c. cafer  (Linnaeus, 1766) s India  
        P. c. haemorrhousus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) Sri Lanka  
Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster  (Vieillot, 1818) OR : Southeast Asia  
        P. a. chrysorrhoides  (Lafresnaye, 1845) se China  
        P. a. resurrectus  Deignan, 1952 s China and ne Vietnam  
        P. a. dolichurus  Deignan, 1949 c Vietnam  
        P. a. latouchei  Deignan, 1949 e Burma to s China and n Indochina  
        P. a. klossi  (Gyldenstolpe, 1920) se Burma and n Thailand  
        P. a. schauenseei  Delacour, 1943 s Burma and sw Thailand  
        P. a. thais  (Kloss, 1924) c and s Thailand, c Laos  
        P. a. germani  (Oustalet, 1878) se Thailand and s Indochina  
        P. a. aurigaster  (Vieillot, 1818) Java and Bali  
White-spectacled Bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos  (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) EU : sc  
African Red-eyed Bulbul Pycnonotus nigricans  (Vieillot, 1818) AF : sw  
        P. n. nigricans  (Vieillot, 1818) sw Angola, Namibia and Botswana and w South Africa  
        P. n. superior  Clancey, 1959 c South Africa  
Cape Bulbul Pycnonotus capensis  (Linnaeus, 1766) AF : South Africa  
Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus  (Desfontaines, 1789) AF : ne, n, w, c  
        P. b. barbatus  (Desfontaines, 1789) Morocco to Tunesia  
        P. b. inornatus  (Fraser, 1843) s Mauritania and Senegal to w Chad and n Cameroon  
        P. b. gabonensis  Sharpe, 1871 c Nigeria and c Cameroon to Gabon and s Congo  
        P. b. arsinoe  (Lichtenstein, 1823) e Chad, n and c Sudan and e Egypt  
        P. b. schoanus  Neumann, 1905 se Sudan, w, c and e Ethiopia, Eritrea  
Somali Bulbul Pycnonotus somaliensis  Reichenow, 1905 AF : ne  
Dodson's Bulbul Pycnonotus dodsoni  Sharpe, 1895 AF : e  
Dark-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus tricolor  (Hartlaub, 1862) AF : c, e, se  
        P. t. spurius  Reichenow, 1905 s Ethiopia  
        P. t. layardi  Gurney, 1879 se Kenya to e, s Zambia, ne Botswana and South Africa  
        P. t. tricolor  (Hartlaub, 1862) e Cameroon to DR Congo, s Sudan, w, c Kenya, Angola, nw Botswana and n, w Zambia  
Puff-backed Bulbul Pycnonotus eutilotus  (Jardine & Selby, 1837) OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo  
Blue-wattled Bulbul Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii  (Finsch, 1901) OR : Sumatra, Borneo TAX : The rare Blue-wattled Bulbul may be a hybrid (Williams 2002), but more evidence needed (Dickinson and Dekker 2002).
        P. n. inexspectatus  (Chasen, 1939) Sumatra  
        P. n. nieuwenhuisii  (Finsch, 1901) Borneo  
Yellow-wattled Bulbul Pycnonotus urostictus  (Salvadori, 1870) OR : Philippines  
        P. u. ilokensis  Rand & Rabor, 1967 n Luzon  
        P. u. urostictus  (Salvadori, 1870) c and s Luzon, Polillo and Catanduanes  
        P. u. atricaudatus  Parkes, 1967 Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Panaon, Bohol and Negros  
        P. u. philippensis  (Hachisuka, 1934) Dinagat, Siargao, Bucas and Mindanao (except Zamboanga Pen.)  
        P. u. basilanicus  (Steere, 1890) Zamboanga Pen. (w Mindanao) and Basilan  
Orange-spotted Bulbul Pycnonotus bimaculatus  (Horsfield, 1821) OR : Sumatra, Java  
        P. b. snouckaerti  Siebers, 1928 nw Sumatra  
        P. b. bimaculatus  (Horsfield, 1821) sw Sumatra, w and c Java  
        P. b. tenggerensis  (van Oort, 1911) e Java and Bali  
Stripe-throated Bulbul Pycnonotus finlaysoni  Strickland, 1844 OR : Southeast Asia  
        P. f. davisoni  (Hume, 1875) w and sc Burma  
        P. f. eous  Riley, 1940 s China, Thailand and s Indochina  
        P. f. finlaysoni  Strickland, 1844 Malay Pen.  
Yellow-throated Bulbul Pycnonotus xantholaemus  (Jerdon, 1845) OR : India  
Yellow-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus penicillatus  Blyth, 1851 OR : Sri Lanka  
Flavescent Bulbul Pycnonotus flavescens  Blyth, 1845 OR : Southeast Asia, Borneo  
        P. f. flavescens  Blyth, 1845 ne India, ne Bangladesh and w Burma  
        P. f. vividus  (Baker, ECS, 1917) ne Burma, s China, Thailand and n Indochina  
        P. f. sordidus  (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) s Indochina  
        P. f. leucops  (Sharpe, 1888) Borneo  
Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus goiavier  (Scopoli, 1786) OR : Southeast Asia, Philippines  
        P. g. jambu  Deignan, 1955 s Burma to s Indochina  
        P. g. analis  (Horsfield, 1821) Malay Pen., Sumatra and nearby islands, Java, Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa  
        P. g. yourdini  Gray, GR, 1847 Borneo, Maratua Is.and Karimunjawa Is.  
        P. g. goiavier  (Scopoli, 1786) n and nc Philippines  
        P. g. samarensis  Rand & Rabor, 1960 c Philippines  
        P. g. suluensis  Mearns, 1909 s Philippines  
White-browed Bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus  (Lesson, 1841) OR : India  
        P. l. luteolus  (Lesson, 1841) c and s India  
        P. l. insulae  Whistler & Kinnear, 1932 Sri Lanka  
Olive-winged Bulbul Pycnonotus plumosus  Blyth, 1845 OR : s Burma and s Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Greater Sundas  
        P. p. porphyreus  Oberholser, 1912 w Sumatra and islands  
        P. p. plumosus  Blyth, 1845 Malay Pen., e Sumatra, Java, Bali and w and s Borneo  
        P. p. hutzi  Stresemann, 1938 n and e Borneo  
        P. p. insularis  Chasen & Kloss, 1929 islands off n Borneo and sw Philippines  
Ashy-fronted Bulbul Pycnonotus cinereifrons  (Tweeddale, 1878) OR : Palawan AS : Ashy-fronted Bulbul (English name tentative) is split from Olive-winged Bulbul (Oliveros and Moyle 2010)
Streak-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus blanfordi  Jerdon, 1862 OR : Southeast Asia  
        P. b. blanfordi  Jerdon, 1862 Burma  
        P. b. conradi  (Finsch, 1873) Thailand and n and c Malay Pen. to s Indochina  
Cream-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus simplex  Lesson, 1839 OR : Malay Peninsula to Borneo  
        P. s. simplex  Lesson, 1839 Malay Pen. to Sumatra and Borneo and nearby islands  
        P. s. prillwitzi  Hartert, 1902 Java  
        P. s. halizonus  Oberholser, 1917 Anambas and n Natuna Is.  
Asian Red-eyed Bulbul Pycnonotus brunneus  Blyth, 1845 OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo  
        P. b. brunneus  Blyth, 1845 Malay Pen. to Sumatra and Borneo and nearby islands  
        P. b. zapolius  Oberholser, 1917 Anamba Is.  
Spectacled Bulbul Pycnonotus erythropthalmos  (Hume, 1878) OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo  
Bare-faced Bulbul Pycnonotus hualon  Woxvold, Duckworth & Timmins, 2009 OR : c Laos NEW : Pycnonotus hualon is a recently described species (Woxvold et al 2009)
Shelley's Greenbul Arizelocichla masukuensis  (Shelley, 1897) AF : ec  
        A. m. roehli  (Reichenow, 1905) ne, c and s Tanzania  
        A. m. masukuensis  (Shelley, 1897) sw Tanzania and n Malawi  
Kakamega Greenbul Arizelocichla kakamegae  (Sharpe, 1900) AF : ec  
        A. k. kakamegae  (Sharpe, 1900) e DR Congo, Uganda, w Kenya and nw Tanzania  
        A. k. kungwensis  Moreau, 1941 w Tanzania  
Cameroon Greenbul Arizelocichla montana  (Reichenow, 1892) AF : w  
Western Greenbul Arizelocichla tephrolaema  (Gray, GR, 1862) AF : wc  
        A. t. bamendae  (Bannerman, 1923) se Nigeria and w Cameroon  
        A. t. tephrolaema  (Gray, GR, 1862) Mt. Cameroon (sw Cameroon) and Bioko I.  
Olive-breasted Greenbul Arizelocichla kikuyuensis  (Sharpe, 1891) AF : c  
Mountain Greenbul Arizelocichla nigriceps  (Shelley, 1889) AF : e  
        A. n. nigriceps  (Shelley, 1889) s Kenya and n Tanzania  
        A. n. usambarae  (Grote, 1919) se Kenya and ne Tanzania  
Uluguru Greenbul Arizelocichla neumanni  Hartert, 1922 AF : e Tanzania AS : Arizelocichla (Andropadus) neumanni is split from A.nigriceps (Sinclair and Ryan 2003)
Black-browed Greenbul Arizelocichla fusciceps  (Shelley, 1893) AF : se  
Yellow-throated Greenbul Arizelocichla chlorigula  (Reichenow, 1899) AF : Tanzania  
Stripe-cheeked Greenbul Arizelocichla milanjensis  (Shelley, 1894) AF : se  
Olive-headed Greenbul Arizelocichla olivaceiceps  (Shelley, 1896) AF : e  
Stripe-faced Greenbul Arizelocichla striifacies  (Reichenow & Neumann, 1895) AF : e  
Slender-billed Greenbul Stelgidillas gracilirostris  (Strickland, 1844) AF : w, c  
        S. g. gracilirostris  (Strickland, 1844) Senegal and Guinea-Bissau to s Sudan, w Kenya, w Tanzania, sc DR Congo and nw Angola  
        S. g. percivali  (Neumann, 1903) c Kenya  
Little Greenbul Eurillas virens  (Cassin, 1857) AF : w, c, e  
        E. v. amadoni  (Dickerman, 1997) Bioko I.  
        E. v. erythroptera  (Hartlaub, 1858) Gambia to s Nigeria  
        E. v. virens  (Cassin, 1857) w Cameroon to s Sudan, w Kenya, s DR Congo and n Angola  
        E. v. zanzibarica  Pakenham, 1935 Zanzibar  
        E. v. zombensis  (Shelley, 1894) se DR Congo and n Zambia to se Kenya and n Mozambique  
Little Grey Greenbul Eurillas gracilis  (Cabanis, 1880) AF : w, c  
        E. g. extrema  (Hartert, 1922) Sierra Leone to sw Nigeria  
        E. g. gracilis  (Cabanis, 1880) se Nigeria to c DR Congo and n Angola  
        E. g. ugandae  (van Someren, 1915) e DR Congo to c Uganda and w Kenya  
Ansorge's Greenbul Eurillas ansorgei  (Hartert, 1907) AF : w, c  
        E. a. ansorgei  (Hartert, 1907) w Guinea to sw Uganda and e DR Congo  
        E. a. kavirondensis  (van Someren, 1920) w Kenya  
Plain Greenbul Eurillas curvirostris  (Cassin, 1859) AF : w, c  
        E. c. curvirostris  (Cassin, 1859) c Ghana to w Kenya, s DR Congo and n Angola  
        E. c. leonina  (Bates, 1930) Sierra Leone to c Ghana  
Yellow-whiskered Greenbul Eurillas latirostris  (Strickland, 1844) AF : w, c  
        E. l. australis  (Moreau, 1941) Ufipa Plateau (Tanzania)  
        E. l. congener  (Reichenow, 1897) Senegal to sw Nigeria  
        E. l. latirostris  (Strickland, 1844) se Nigeria to s Sudan, w Kenya, w Tanzania, sc DR Congo and n Angola  
Sombre Greenbul Andropadus importunus  (Vieillot, 1818) AF : e, s  
        A. i. insularis  Hartlaub, 1861 s Ethiopia and s Somalia to e Tanzania  
        A. i. importunus  (Vieillot, 1818)

highlands of n South Africa, w Swaziland s along coast to Western Cape

 
        A. i. oleaginus  Peters, W, 1868 s Zimbabwe, s Mozambique and lowland n South Africa  
        A. i. hypoxanthus  Sharpe, 1876 se Tanzania to c Mozambique, c Zimbabwe and sc Zambia  
Golden Greenbul Calyptocichla serinus  (Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1855) AF : w, c  
Honeyguide Greenbul Baeopogon indicator  (Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1855) AF : w, c  
        B. i. leucurus  (Cassin, 1855) Sierra Leone to Togo  
        B. i. indicator  (Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1855) Nigeria to s Sudan, w Kenya. S DR Congo, nw Zambia and n Angola  
Sj�stedt's Greenbul Baeopogon clamans  (Sjöstedt, 1893) AF : c  
Spotted Greenbul Ixonotus guttatus  Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1851 AF : w, c  
Joyful Greenbul Chlorocichla laetissima  (Sharpe, 1899) AF : ec  
        C. l. laetissima  (Sharpe, 1899) s Sudan to sw Kenya and ne DR Congo  
        C. l. schoutedeni  Prigogine, 1954 e DR Congo and n Zambia  
Prigogine's Greenbul Chlorocichla prigoginei  De Roo, 1967 AF : c  
Yellow-bellied Greenbul Chlorocichla flaviventris  (Smith, A, 1834) AF : e, s, wc  
        C. f. centralis  Reichenow, 1887 s Somalia to n Mozambique  
        C. f. occidentalis  Sharpe, 1882 nw Angola to w Tanzania south to nw Namibia, n Botswana, n South Africa and c Mozambique  
        C. f. flaviventris  (Smith, A, 1834) e South Africa and s Mozambique  
Falkenstein's Greenbul Chlorocichla falkensteini  (Reichenow, 1874) AF : wc  
Simple Greenbul Chlorocichla simplex  (Hartlaub, 1855) AF : w, c  
Yellow-throated Leaflove Atimastillas flavicollis  (Swainson, 1837) AF : w, c TAX : Separate Yellow-throated Leaflove from Chlorocichla to monotypic Atimastillas
        A. f. flavicollis  (Swainson, 1837) Senegal and Gambia to n Cameroon and nw Central African Republic  
        A. f. soror  (Neumann, 1914) c Cameroon to wc Ethiopia and c DR Congo  
        A. f. flavigula  (Cabanis, 1880) Angola, se DR Congo to Uganda, w Kenya and w Tanzania  
Swamp Palm Bulbul Thescelocichla leucopleura  (Cassin, 1855) AF : w, c  
Red-tailed Leaflove Phyllastrephus scandens  Swainson, 1837 AF : w, c TAX : Restore Red-tailed Leaflove to Phyllastrephus from Pyrrhurus (Johannson et al 2007)
        P. s. scandens  Swainson, 1837 Gambia and Senegal to n Cameroon  
        P. s. orientalis  (Hartlaub, 1883) n Cameroon to s Sudan, c Uganda, w Tanzania and s DR Congo  
Terrestrial Brownbul Phyllastrephus terrestris  Swainson, 1837 AF : e, se  
        P. t. suahelicus  Reichenow, 1904 s Somalia to n Mozambique  
        P. t. intermedius  Gunning & Roberts, 1911 sw Angola, se DR Congo to s Mozambique, ne South Africa and n Botswana  
        P. t. terrestris  Swainson, 1837 e and s South Africa  
Northern Brownbul Phyllastrephus strepitans  (Reichenow, 1879) AF : e  
Grey-olive Greenbul Phyllastrephus cerviniventris  Shelley, 1894 AF : e, sc ENG : Change English name of Phyllastrephus cerviniventris from Grey-olive Bulbul to Grey-olive Greenbul to conform to current usage (Keith, Urban, Fry 1992, Dickinson 2003)
        P. c. schoutedeni  Prigogine, 1969 c Kenya to c Mozambique, Zambia and e Angola  
        P. c. cerviniventris  Shelley, 1894 Katanga (se DR Congo)  
Pale-olive Greenbul Phyllastrephus fulviventris  Cabanis, 1876 AF : wc ENG : Change English name of Phyllastrephus fulviventris from Pale-olive Bulbul to Pale-olive Greenbul to conform to current usage (Keith, Urban, Fry 1992, Dickinson 2003)
Baumann's Olive Greenbul Phyllastrephus baumanni  Reichenow, 1895 AF : w  
Toro Olive Greenbul Phyllastrephus hypochloris  (Jackson, 1906) AF : ec  
Sassi's Olive Greenbul Phyllastrephus lorenzi  Sassi, 1914 AF : c  
Fischer's Greenbul Phyllastrephus fischeri  (Reichenow, 1879) AF : e, se  
Cabanis's Greenbul Phyllastrephus cabanisi  (Sharpe, 1882) AF : ec, sc  
        P. c. cabanisi  (Sharpe, 1882) c Angola to se DR Congo, w Tanzania and n Zambia  
        P. c. sucosus  Reichenow, 1903 s Sudan and w Kenya to e DR Congo and nw Tanzania  
Placid Greenbul Phyllastrephus placidus  (Shelley, 1899) AF : e  
Cameroon Olive Greenbul Phyllastrephus poensis  Alexander, 1903 AF : wc  
Icterine Greenbul Phyllastrephus icterinus  (Bonaparte, 1850) AF : w, c  
Xavier's Greenbul Phyllastrephus xavieri  (Oustalet, 1892) AF : c  
        P. x. serlei  Chapin, 1949 n and w of Mt. Cameroon (sw Cameroon)  
        P. x. xavieri  (Oustalet, 1892) Cameroon to w Uganda and nw Tanzania  
Liberian Greenbul Phyllastrephus leucolepis  Gatter, 1985 AF : se Liberia  
White-throated Greenbul Phyllastrephus albigularis  (Sharpe, 1882) AF : w, c  
        P. a. albigularis  (Sharpe, 1882) Senegal and Gambia to s Sudan, w Uganda and e DR Congo  
        P. a. viridiceps  Rand, 1955 nw Angola  
Yellow-streaked Greenbul Phyllastrephus flavostriatus  (Sharpe, 1876) AF : e, se  
        P. f. graueri  Neumann, 1908 the highlands of Albert, Edward and Kivu Lakes (e and ne DR Congo)  
        P. f. olivaceogriseus  Reichenow, 1908 Ruwenzori Mts, Itombwe and Mt. Kabobo (e DR Congo), w Uganda, w Rwanda and n Burundi  
        P. f. kungwensis  Moreau, 1941 w Tanzania  
        P. f. uzungwensis  Jensen & Stuart, 1982 Udzungwa Mts. (e Tanzania)  
        P. f. tenuirostris  (Fischer, GA & Reichenow, 1884) se Kenya, e Tanzania and ne Mozambique  
        P. f. vincenti  Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1940 se Malawi and w Mozambique  
        P. f. flavostriatus  (Sharpe, 1876) e Zimbabwe, s Mozambique and e South Africa  
Sharpe's Greenbul Phyllastrephus alfredi  (Shelley, 1903) AF : ec TAX : Phyllastrephus alfredi is treated as a subspecies of P.flavostriatus by some authorities (Dickinson 2003, Johannson et al 2007)
Grey-headed Greenbul Phyllastrephus poliocephalus  (Reichenow, 1892) AF : wc  
Lowland Tiny Greenbul Phyllastrephus debilis  (Sclater, WL, 1899) AF : e  
        P. d. rabai  Hartert & van Someren, 1921 se Kenya and ne Tanzania  
        P. d. debilis  (Sclater, WL, 1899) se Tanzania to e Zimbabwe and s Mozambique  
Montane Tiny Greenbul Phyllastrephus albigula  (Grote, 1919) AF : Usambara and Nguru Mountains, n Tanzania AS : Montane Tiny Greenbul is split from {Lowland] Tiny Greenbul [Fuchs et al 2011a]
Red-tailed Bristlebill Bleda syndactylus  (Swainson, 1837) AF : w, c  
        B. s. syndactylus  (Swainson, 1837) Sierra Leone to w DR Congo  
        B. s. woosnami  Ogilvie-Grant, 1907 e DR Congo to s Sudan, w Kenya, nw Zambia and n Angola  
        B. s. nandensis  Cunningham-van Someren & Schifter, 1981 Nandi Forest (w Kenya)  
Green-tailed Bristlebill Bleda eximius  (Hartlaub, 1855) AF : w  
Yellow-lored Bristlebill Bleda notatus  (Cassin, 1856) AF : c  
        B. n. notatus  (Cassin, 1856) Nigeria to Central African Republic and Congo, Bioko I.  
        B. n. ugandae  van Someren, 1915 c and n DR Congo to sw Sudan and Uganda  
Grey-headed Bristlebill Bleda canicapillus  (Hartlaub, 1854) AF : w  
        B. c. canicapillus  (Hartlaub, 1854) Guinea-Bissau to sw Cameroon  
        B. c. morelorum  Érard, 1992 Senegal and Gambia  
Western Bearded Greenbul Criniger barbatus  (Temminck, 1821) AF : w, c  
        C. b. barbatus  (Temminck, 1821) Sierra Leone to Benin  
        C. b. ansorgeanus  Hartert, 1907 s Nigeria  
Eastern Bearded Greenbul Criniger chloronotus  (Cassin, 1859) AF : c  
Red-tailed Greenbul Criniger calurus  (Cassin, 1856) AF : w, c  
        C. c. verreauxi  Sharpe, 1871 Senegal to sw Nigeria  
        C. c. calurus  (Cassin, 1856) s Nigeria to w DR Congo  
        C. c. emini  Chapin, 1948 ne Angola and w DR Congo to Uganda and w Tanzania  
White-bearded Greenbul Criniger ndussumensis  Reichenow, 1904 AF : c  
Yellow-bearded Greenbul Criniger olivaceus  (Swainson, 1837) AF : w  
Finsch's Bulbul Alophoixus finschii  (Salvadori, 1871) OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo  
White-throated Bulbul Alophoixus flaveolus  (Gould, 1836) OR : e Himalayas to Burma and w Thailand  
        A. f. flaveolus  (Gould, 1836) e Himalayas to n Burma  
        A. f. burmanicus  (Oates, 1889) se Burma, s China and w Thailand  
Puff-throated Bulbul Alophoixus pallidus  (Swinhoe, 1870) OR : Southeast Asia  
        A. p. griseiceps  (Hume, 1873) Pegu Yoma Mts. (sc Burma)  
        A. p. robinsoni  (Ticehurst, 1932) Tenasserim (se Burma)  
        A. p. henrici  (Oustalet, 1896) sw China, e Burma, n Thailand and n Indochina  
        A. p. pallidus  (Swinhoe, 1870) Hainan I. (off se China)  
        A. p. isani  (Deignan, 1956) ne Thailand  
        A. p. annamensis  (Delacour & Jabouille, 1924) c Indochina  
        A. p. khmerensis  (Deignan, 1956) s Indochina  
Ochraceous Bulbul Alophoixus ochraceus  (Moore, F, 1854) OR : Southeast Asia to Sumatra and Borneo  
        A. o. hallae  (Deignan, 1956) s Vietnam  
        A. o. cambodianus  (Delacour & Jabouille, 1928) se Thailand and sw Cambodia  
        A. o. ochraceus  (Moore, F, 1854) s Burma and sw Thailand  
        A. o. sordidus  (Richmond, 1900) c Malay Pen.  
        A. o. sacculatus  (Robinson, 1915) s Malay Pen.  
        A. o. sumatranus  (Ramsay, RGW, 1882) w Sumatra  
        A. o. fowleri  (Amadon & Harrisson, 1957) n Borneo  
        A. o. ruficrissus  (Sharpe, 1879) ne Borneo  
Grey-cheeked Bulbul Alophoixus bres  (Lesson, 1831) OR : Malay Peninsula to Greater Sundas  
        A. b. tephrogenys  (Jardine & Selby, 1833) Malay Pen. and e Sumatra  
        A. b. bres  (Lesson, 1831) Java and Bali  
        A. b. gutturalis  (Bonaparte, 1850) Borneo  
Palawan Bulbul Alophoixus frater  (Sharpe, 1877) OR : Palawan AS : Palawan Bulbul [English name tentative] is split from Grey-cheeked Bulbul (Oliveros and Moyle 2010)
Yellow-bellied Bulbul Alophoixus phaeocephalus  (Hartlaub, 1844) OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo  
        A. p. phaeocephalus  (Hartlaub, 1844) Malay Pen. and Sumatra  
        A. p. connectens  Chasen & Kloss, 1929 ne Borneo  
        A. p. diardi  (Finsch, 1867) w Borneo  
        A. p. sulphuratus  (Bonaparte, 1850) c Borneo  
Yellow-browed Bulbul Acritillas indica  (Jerdon, 1839) OR : India  
        A. i. icterica  (Strickland, 1844) peninsular India  
        A. i. indica  (Jerdon, 1839) sw India, Sri Lanka (except sw)  
        A. i. guglielmi  (Ripley, 1946) sw Sri Lanka  
Hook-billed Bulbul Setornis criniger  Lesson, 1839 OR : Sumatra, Borneo  
Hairy-backed Bulbul Tricholestes criniger  (Blyth, 1845) OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo  
        T. c. criniger  (Blyth, 1845) Malay Pen. and e Sumatra  
        T. c. sericeus  (Blyth, 1865) w Sumatra  
        T. c. viridis  (Bonaparte, 1854) Borneo  
Olive Bulbul Iole virescens  Blyth, 1845 OR : ne India to sw Thailand  
        I. v. cacharensis  (Deignan, 1948) ne India and se Bangladesh  
        I. v. myitkyinensis  (Deignan, 1948) ne and e Burma  
        I. v. virescens  Blyth, 1845 s Burma and sw Thailand  
Grey-eyed Bulbul Iole propinqua  (Oustalet, 1903) OR : Southeast Asia  
        I. p. aquilonis  (Deignan, 1948) s China and ne Vietnam  
        I. p. propinqua  (Oustalet, 1903) e Burma to s China, n Thailand and n Indochina  
        I. p. simulator  (Deignan, 1948) se Thailand and s Indochina  
        I. p. innectens  (Deignan, 1948) extreme s Vietnam  
        I. p. lekhakuni  (Deignan, 1954) s Burma and sw Thailand  
        I. p. cinnamomeoventris  Baker, ECS, 1917 n and c Malay Pen.  
Buff-vented Bulbul Iole olivacea  Blyth, 1844 OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo  
        I. o. olivacea  Blyth, 1844 Malay Pen., Sumatra and nearby islands  
        I. o. charlottae  (Finsch, 1867) s and w Borneo  
        I. o. perplexa  Riley, 1939 n and e Borneo and nearby islands  
Sulphur-bellied Bulbul Iole palawanensis  (Tweeddale, 1878) OR : Philippines  
Nicobar Bulbul Ixos nicobariensis  (Moore, F, 1854) OR : Nicobar Islands  
Mountain Bulbul Ixos mcclellandii  (Horsfield, 1840) OR : Southeast Asia  
        I. m. mcclellandii  (Horsfield, 1840) e Himalayas to nw Burma  
        I. m. ventralis  Stresemann & Heinrich, 1940 sw Burma  
        I. m. tickelli  (Blyth, 1855) e Burma and nw Thailand  
        I. m. similis  (Rothschild, 1921) ne Burma to s China and n Indochina  
        I. m. holtii  (Swinhoe, 1861) se China  
        I. m. loquax  (Deignan, 1940) nc and ne Thailand, s Laos  
        I. m. griseiventer  (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) s Vietnam  
        I. m. canescens  Riley, 1933 se Thailand and sw Cambodia  
        I. m. peracensis  (Hartert & Butler, AL, 1898) Malay Pen.  
Streaked Bulbul Ixos malaccensis  (Blyth, 1845) OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo  
Sunda Bulbul Ixos virescens  Temminck, 1825 OR : Sumatra, Java  
        I. v. sumatranus  (Ramsay, RGW, 1882) w Sumatra  
        I. v. virescens  Temminck, 1825 Java  
Seram Golden Bulbul Thapsinillas affinis  (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841) AU : Moluccas ENG : Change English name of Thapsinillas affinis to Seram Golden Bulbul with split of T. longirostris and T. mysticalis
        T. a. affinis  (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841) Seram I.  
        T. a. flavicaudus  (Bonaparte, 1850) Ambon I.  
Northern Golden Bulbul Thapsinillas longirostris  (Wallace, 1863) AU : e of Sulawesi, Moluccas AS : Thapsinillas longirostris is split from T. affinis (Fishpool & Tobias 2005, Collar 2007)
        T. l. platenae  (Blasius, W, 1888) Sangihe Is. (ne of Sulawesi)  
        T. l. aurea  (Walden, 1872) Togian Is. (e of Sulawesi)  
        T. l. harterti  (Stresemann, 1912) Banggai Is. (e of Sulawesi)  
        T. l. longirostris  (Wallace, 1863) Sula Is. (n Moluccas)  
        T. l. chloris  (Finsch, 1867) Morotai, Halmahera and Bacan Is. (n Moluccas)  
        T. l. lucasi  (Hartert, 1903) Obi I. (n Moluccas)  
Buru Golden Bulbul Thapsinillas mysticalis  (Wallace, 1863) AU : Buru Is. AS : Thapsinillas mysticalis is split from T. affinis (Rheindt & Hutchinson 2007)
Ashy Bulbul Hemixos flavala  Blyth, 1845 OR : Indian sub-continent, Burma, sw China, w, ne Thailand, Indochina  
        H. f. flavala  Blyth, 1845 Himalayas, ne Bangladesh, nw Burma and s China  
        H. f. hildebrandi  Hume, 1874 e Burma and nw Thailand  
        H. f. davisoni  Hume, 1877 se Burma and sw Thailand  
        H. f. bourdellei  Delacour, 1926 s China, e Thailand, n and c Laos  
        H. f. remotus  (Deignan, 1957) s Indochina  
Cinereous Bulbul Hemixos cinereus  (Blyth, 1845) OR : s Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, n Borneo AS : Hemixos cinereus is split from H. flavala (Fishpool & Tobias 2005).
        H. c. cinereus  (Blyth, 1845) Malay Pen. and Sumatra  
        H. c. connectens  Sharpe, 1887 n Borneo  
Chestnut Bulbul Hemixos castanonotus  Swinhoe, 1870 OR : s China, n Vietnam  
        H. c. canipennis  Seebohm, 1890 s China, ne Vietnam  
        H. c. castanonotus  Swinhoe, 1870 n Vietnam and Hainan I. (off se China)  
Seychelles Bulbul Hypsipetes crassirostris  Newton, E, 1867 IO : Seychelles Islands  
Reunion Bulbul Hypsipetes borbonicus  (Forster, JR, 1781) IO : La Réunion  
Mauritius Bulbul Hypsipetes olivaceus  Jardine & Selby, 1837 IO : Mauritius  
Malagasy Bulbul Hypsipetes madagascariensis  (Statius Müller, 1776) AF : Madagascar region  
        H. m. madagascariensis  (Statius Müller, 1776) Madagascar and Comoro Is.  
        H. m. grotei  (Friedmann, 1929) Glorioso Is.  
        H. m. rostratus  (Ridgway, 1893) Aldabra Is.  
Grand Comoro Bulbul Hypsipetes parvirostris  Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885 AF : Grand Comoro Is (Comoros)  
Moheli Bulbul Hypsipetes moheliensis  (Benson, 1960) AF : Moheli Is (Comoros) AS : Moheli Bulbul Hypsipetes moheliensis, sister to H. crassirostris, is split from Grande Comoro [Comoros] Bulbul H. parvirostris (Warren et al 2005)
Black Bulbul Hypsipetes leucocephalus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) OR : widespread  
        H. l. psaroides  Vigors, 1831 ne Afghanistan and n Pakistan through the c Himalayas to nw Burma  
        H. l. nigrescens  Baker, ECS, 1917 ne India and w Burma  
        H. l. concolor  Blyth, 1849 e Burma and s Hunnan (s China) through Indochina  
        H. l. ambiens  (Mayr, 1942) ne Burma and w Hunnan (s China)  
        H. l. sinensis  (La Touche, 1922) n Yunnan (s China)  
        H. l. stresemanni  (Mayr, 1942) c Yunnan (s China)  
        H. l. leucothorax  (Mayr, 1942) c China  
        H. l. leucocephalus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) se China  
        H. l. nigerrimus  Gould, 1863 Taiwan  
        H. l. perniger  Swinhoe, 1870 Hainan I. (off se China)  
Square-tailed Bulbul Hypsipetes ganeesa  Sykes, 1832 OR : sw India, Sri Lanka AS : Hypsipetes ganeesa is split from H. leucocephalus (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005, Fishpool & Tobias 2005).
        H. g. humii  (Whistler & Kinnear, 1932) Sri Lanka  
        H. g. ganeesa  Sykes, 1832 sw India  
Philippine Bulbul Hypsipetes philippinus  (Forster, JR, 1795) OR : Philippines TAX : MOVE Philippine Bulbul from Ixos to Hypsipetes (Oliveros and Moyle 2010)
        H. p. parkesi  duPont, 1980 Burias  
        H. p. philippinus  (Forster, JR, 1795) n Philippines  
        H. p. saturatior  (Hartert, 1916) ec and s Phiilippines  
Mindoro Bulbul Hypsipetes mindorensis  (Steere, 1890) OR : Mindoro AS : Mindoro Bulbul is split from Philippine Bulbul (Oliveros and Moyle 2010)
Visayan Bulbul Hypsipetes guimarasensis  (Steere, 1890) OR : western Visayas (Philippines) AS : Visayan Bulbul is split from Philippine Bulbul (Oliveros and Moyle 2010)
Zamboanga Bulbul Hypsipetes rufigularis  (Sharpe, 1877) OR : Philippines TAX : MOVE Zamboanga Bulbul from Ixos to Hypsipetes (Oliveros and Moyle 2010)
Streak-breasted Bulbul Hypsipetes siquijorensis  (Steere, 1890) OR : Philippines TAX : MOVE Streak-breasted Bulbul from Ixos to Hypsipetes (Oliveros and Moyle 2010)
        H. s. cinereiceps  (Bourns & Worcester, 1894) Tablas and Romblon  
        H. s. monticola  (Bourns & Worcester, 1894) Cebu  
        H. s. siquijorensis  (Steere, 1890) Siquijor  
Yellowish Bulbul Hypsipetes everetti  (Tweeddale, 1877) OR : Philippines TAX : MOVE Yellowish Bulbul from Ixos to Hypsipetes (Oliveros and Moyle 2010)
        H. e. everetti  (Tweeddale, 1877) ec and se Philippines  
        H. e. catarmanensis  Rand & Rabor, 1969 Camiguin Sur (off n Mindanao)  
        H. e. haynaldi  (Blasius, W, 1890) Sulu Arch. (sw Philippines)  
Brown-eared Bulbul Hypsipetes amaurotis  (Temminck, 1830) EU : Japan to n Philippines TAX : MOVE Brown-eared Bulbul from Microscelis to Hypsipetes (Oliveros and Moyle 2010)
        H. a. amaurotis  (Temminck, 1830) s Sakhalin Is., Japan and South Korea  
        H. a. matchiae  (Momiyama, 1923) s Kyushu (s Japan)  
        H. a. ogawae  Hartert, 1907 n Ryukyu Is.  
        H. a. pryeri  Stejneger, 1887 c Ryukyu Is.  
        H. a. stejnegeri  Hartert, 1907 s Ryukyu Is.  
        H. a. squamiceps  (Kittlitz, 1830) Bonin Is.  
        H. a. magnirostris  Hartert, 1905 Volcano Is.  
        H. a. borodinonis  (Kuroda, 1923) Borodino Is.  
        H. a. harterti  (Kuroda, 1922) Taiwan and Lanyu Is.  
        H. a. batanensis  Mearns, 1907 Batan, Ivohos, Sabtang, Babuyan and Claro (extreme n Philippines)  
        H. a. fugensis  Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 Dalupiri, Calayan and Fuga Is. (n of Luzon in n Philippines)  
        H. a. camiguinensis  McGregor, 1907 Camiguin I. (n of Luzon in n Philippines)  
White-headed Bulbul Cerasophila thompsoni  Bingham, 1900 OR : Burma, nw Thailand  
Black-collared Bulbul Neolestes torquatus  Cabanis, 1875 AF : wc  
Malia Malia grata  Schlegel, 1880 AU : Sulawesi  
        M. g. recondita  Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1894 n Sulawesi  
        M. g. stresemanni  Meise, 1931 c and se Sulawesi  
        M. g. grata  Schlegel, 1880 sw Sulawesi  
       
Swallows, Martins (88)
Family Hirundinidae
   
African River Martin Pseudochelidon eurystomina  Hartlaub, 1861 AF : Congo region  
White-eyed River Martin Pseudochelidon sirintarae  Thonglongya, 1968 OR : Southeast Asia  
Square-tailed Saw-wing Psalidoprocne nitens  (Cassin, 1857) AF : c, w  
        P. n. nitens  (Cassin, 1857) Guinea to c DR Congo and nw Angola  
        P. n. centralis  Neumann, 1904 ne DR Congo  
Mountain Saw-wing Psalidoprocne fuliginosa  Shelley, 1887 AF : w Cameroon, Bioko  
White-headed Saw-wing Psalidoprocne albiceps  Sclater, PL, 1864 AF : e, c  
        P. a. albiceps  Sclater, PL, 1864 se Sudan and Uganda to n Zambia and n Malawi  
        P. a. suffusa  Ripley, 1960 n Angola  
Black Saw-wing Psalidoprocne pristoptera  (Rüppell, 1840) AF : widespread PS : Black Saw-wing complex comprises multiple species that await comprehensive revision
        P. p. pristoptera  (Rüppell, 1840) Eritrea and n Ethiopia  
        P. p. blanfordi  Blundell & Lovat, 1899 wc Ethiopia  
        P. p. antinorii  Salvadori, 1884 c and s Ethiopia  
        P. p. oleaginea  Neumann, 1904 se Sudan and sw Ethiopia  
        P. p. mangbettorum  Chapin, 1923 s Sudan and ne DR Congo  
        P. p. chalybea  Reichenow, 1892 n and c Cameroon to w Sudan and n and c DR Congo  
        P. p. petiti  Sharpe & Bouvier, 1876 e Nigeria to nw Angola  
        P. p. ruwenzori  Chapin, 1932 e DR Congo  
        P. p. orientalis  Reichenow, 1889 e Zambia and s Tanzania to e Zimbabwe and c Mozambique  
        P. p. reichenowi  Neumann, 1904 Angola, s DR Congo and Zambia  
        P. p. massaica  Neumann, 1904 Kenya, n and c Tanzania  
        P. p. holomelas  (Sundevall, 1850) s Zimbabwe and s Mozambique to e and s South Africa  
Fanti Saw-wing Psalidoprocne obscura  (Hartlaub, 1855) AF : w  
Grey-rumped Swallow Pseudhirundo griseopyga  (Sundevall, 1850) AF : widespread  
        P. g. melbina  (Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1851) Gambia and Senegal to nw Angola  
        P. g. griseopyga  (Sundevall, 1850) Nigeria to Ethiopia and w Kenya south to South Africa  
White-backed Swallow Cheramoeca leucosterna  (Gould, 1841) AU : Australia  
Mascarene Martin Phedina borbonica  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) AF : Madagascar region  
        P. b. madagascariensis  Hartlaub, 1860 Madagascar  
        P. b. borbonica  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) Mauritius and Reunion  
Brazza's Martin Phedina brazzae  Oustalet, 1886 AF : wc  
Brown-throated Martin Riparia paludicola  (Vieillot, 1817) AF : Widespread ENG : English name changed from Plain Martin to Brown-throated Martin with split of R. chinensis; Plain Martin reserved for superspecies
        R. p. mauritanica  (Meade-Waldo, 1901) w Morocco  
        R. p. minor  (Cabanis, 1850) Senegal and Gambia to n Ethiopia  
        R. p. schoensis  Reichenow, 1920 c Ethiopia  
        R. p. newtoni  Bannerman, 1937 ne Nigeria and w Cameroon  
        R. p. ducis  Reichenow, 1908 e DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya and n and c Tanzania  
        R. p. paludicola  (Vieillot, 1817) Angola to s Tanzania and south to South Africa  
        R. p. cowani  (Sharpe, 1882) Madagascar  
Grey-throated Martin Riparia chinensis  (Gray, JE, 1830) OR : c, e, se Asia AS : Riparia chinensis is split from R. paludicola (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005).
        R. c. chinensis  (Gray, JE, 1830) Tajikistan and n Afghanistan to s China, Indochina and Taiwan  
        R. c. tantilla  Riley, 1935 Luzon (n Philippines)  
Congo Martin Riparia congica  (Reichenow, 1888) AF : Congo region  
Sand Martin Riparia riparia  (Linnaeus, 1758) Worldwide : widespread  
        R. r. riparia  (Linnaeus, 1758) North America, Europe to c Asia  
        R. r. innominata  Zarudny, 1916 se Kazakhstan  
        R. r. taczanowskii  Stegmann, 1925 s Siberia and c Mongolia to e Siberia  
        R. r. ijimae  (Lönnberg, 1908) Sakhalin I. Kuril Is. and Japan  
        R. r. shelleyi  (Sharpe, 1885) Egypt  
        R. r. eilata  Shirihai & Colston, 1992 sw Asia?  
Pale Martin Riparia diluta  (Sharpe & Wyatt, 1893) EU : c AS : BOU accepts split of Pale Martin from Sand Martin (Sangster et al 2011)
        R. d. gavrilovi  Loskot, 2001 c and sw Siberia  
        R. d. transbaykalica  Goroshko, 1993 sc Siberia  
        R. d. diluta  (Sharpe & Wyatt, 1893) s and se Kazakhstan  
        R. d. indica  Ticehurst, 1916 Pakistan and n India  
        R. d. tibetana  Stegmann, 1925 sw China  
        R. d. fohkienensis  (La Touche, 1908) c and e China  
Banded Martin Riparia cincta  (Boddaert, 1783) AF : widespread  
        R. c. erlangeri  Reichenow, 1905 Ethiopia  
        R. c. suahelica  van Someren, 1922 s Sudan and w Kenya to n Zimbabwe and w Mozambique  
        R. c. parvula  Amadon, 1954 n Angola, sw DR Congo and nw Zambia  
        R. c. xerica  Clancey & Irwin, 1966 w and s Angola, n Namibia and n Botswana  
        R. c. cincta  (Boddaert, 1783) se Botswana, s Zimbabwe and South Africa  
Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor  (Vieillot, 1808) NA : widespread  
Mangrove Swallow Tachycineta albilinea  (Lawrence, 1863) MA : widespread  
Tumbes Swallow Tachycineta stolzmanni  (Philippi, 1902) SA : sw Ecuador, nw Peru  
White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer  (Boddaert, 1783) SA : Colombia to n Argentina  
White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa  (Vieillot, 1817) SA : c, se  
Chilean Swallow Tachycineta leucopyga  (Meyen, 1834) SA : Southern Cone TAX : T. leucopyga has priority over T. meyeni (Mlíkovsky & Frahnert 2009, SACC needs proposal)
Golden Swallow Tachycineta euchrysea  (Gosse, 1847) NA : Hispaniola, Jamaica  
        T. e. euchrysea  (Gosse, 1847) Jamaica  
        T. e. sclateri  (Cory, 1884) Hispaniola  
Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina  (Swainson, 1827) NA, MA : w USA, w Canada  
        T. t. thalassina  (Swainson, 1827) c Alaska, w Canada, w USA and nw Mexico  
        T. t. brachyptera  Brewster, 1902 c and s Baja California and w Sonora (nw Mexico)  
Bahama Swallow Tachycineta cyaneoviridis  (Bryant, H, 1859) NA : Bahamas, Cuba  
Purple Martin Progne subis  (Linnaeus, 1758) NA, MA : widespread  
        P. s. subis  (Linnaeus, 1758) s Canada, e USA and e Mexico  
        P. s. hesperia  Brewster, 1889 sw USA and nw Mexico  
        P. s. arboricola  Behle, 1968 w USA and n Mexico  
Cuban Martin Progne cryptoleuca  Baird, SF, 1865 NA : Cuba  
Caribbean Martin Progne dominicensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA : Caribbean islands  
Sinaloa Martin Progne sinaloae  Nelson, 1898 MA : w Mexico  
Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) LA : widespread  
        P. c. chalybea  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) e Mexico through n South America  
        P. c. warneri  Phillips, AR, 1986 w Mexico  
        P. c. macrorhamphus  Brooke, 1974 c and sc South America  
Galapagos Martin Progne modesta  Gould, 1838 SA : Galápagos Islands  
Peruvian Martin Progne murphyi  Chapman, 1925 SA : w Peru, n Chile  
Southern Martin Progne elegans  Baird, SF, 1865 SA : widespread  
Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera  (Linnaeus, 1766) SA : widespread, also Panama  
        P. t. tapera  (Linnaeus, 1766) Colombia through Amazonia to ne Brazil, also sw Ecuador and nw Peru  
        P. t. fusca  (Vieillot, 1817) e Bolivia to e Brazil and c Argentina  
Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca  (Vieillot, 1817) SA : widespread, also Panama  
        N. c. cyanoleuca  (Vieillot, 1817) Costa Rica through n and c South America  
        N. c. peruviana  (Chapman, 1922) w Peru  
        N. c. patagonica  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) s South America  
Brown-bellied Swallow Notiochelidon murina  (Cassin, 1853) SA : w Venezuela to c Bolivia  
        N. m. meridensis  (Zimmer & Phelps, 1947) w Venezuela  
        N. m. murina  (Cassin, 1853) Colombia to c Peru  
        N. m. cyanodorsalis  (Carriker, 1935) s Peru to c Bolivia  
Pale-footed Swallow Notiochelidon flavipes  (Chapman, 1922) SA : w Venezuela to c Bolivia  
Black-capped Swallow Notiochelidon pileata  (Gould, 1858) MA : s Mexico to w El Salvador  
Andean Swallow Haplochelidon andecola  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) SA : c Peru to nw Argentina  
        H. a. oroyae  (Chapman, 1924) c Peru  
        H. a. andecola  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) s Peru to n Chile, s Bolivia and nw Argentina  
White-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) SA : Amazonia  
Black-collared Swallow Atticora melanoleuca  (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) SA : se Amazonia  
White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis  (Cassin, 1853) LA : Panama to w Ecuador, w Amazonia  
        N. t. minima  Chapman, 1924 e Panama to w Ecuador  
        N. t. griseiventris  Chapman, 1924 w Amazonia  
        N. t. tibialis  (Cassin, 1853) se Brazil  
Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis  (Audubon, 1838) NA, MA : widespread  
        S. s. serripennis  (Audubon, 1838) se Alaska, s Canada to wc, sc and se USA  
        S. s. psammochrous  Griscom, 1929 sw USA to sw Mexico  
        S. s. fulvipennis  (Sclater, PL, 1860) c Mexico to Costa Rica  
        S. s. ridgwayi  Nelson, 1901 n Yucatan Pen. (se Mexico)  
        S. s. stuarti  Brodkorb, 1942 Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas (se Mexico) to e Guatemala  
        S. s. burleighi  Phillips, AR, 1986 s Yucatan Pen. (se Mexico) and Belize  
Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis  (Vieillot, 1817) LA : Costa Rica to se SA  
        S. r. decolor  Griscom, 1929 w Costa Rica and w Panama  
        S. r. uropygialis  (Lawrence, 1863) e Honduras to e Panama through w Colombia and w Ecuador to nw Peru  
        S. r. aequalis  Bangs, 1901 n Colombia, w Venezuela and Trinidad  
        S. r. ruficollis  (Vieillot, 1817) se Colombia and e Venezuela through e and c South America to n Argentina  
Tawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata  (Temminck, 1822) SA : c, se  
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica  Linnaeus, 1758 Worldwide : widespread  
        H. r. rustica  Linnaeus, 1758 Europe, w and c Asia and n Africa  
        H. r. transitiva  (Hartert, 1910) Lebanon, Syria, Israel and Jodan  
        H. r. savignii  Stephens, 1817 Egypt  
        H. r. gutturalis  Scopoli, 1786 e Himalayas to Korea and Japan, e and s China and Taiwan  
        H. r. tytleri  Jerdon, 1864 sc Siberia  
        H. r. saturata  Ridgway, 1883 e Siberia  
        H. r. erythrogaster  Boddaert, 1783 Alaska, Canada and the USA to s Mexico  
Red-chested Swallow Hirundo lucida  Hartlaub, 1858 AF : c, w, ne  
        H. l. lucida  Hartlaub, 1858 sw Mauritania and Senegal to Togo and Benin  
        H. l. subalaris  Reichenow, 1905 Congo and DR Congo  
        H. l. rothschildi  Neumann, 1904 Ethiopia  
Angola Swallow Hirundo angolensis  Barboza du Bocage, 1868 AF : sc, sw  
Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica  Gmelin, JF, 1789 OR, AU : se Asia to New Guinea and Society Islands  
        H. t. javanica  Sparrman, 1789 s Burma to s Vietnam east to the Philippines and s to the Moluccas and the Sundas  
        H. t. namiyei  (Stejneger, 1887) Ryukyu Is. and Taiwan  
        H. t. frontalis  Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 n and w New Guinea  
        H. t. albescens  Schodde & Mason, 1999 s and e New Guinea  
        H. t. ambiens  Mayr, 1934 New Britain (Bismarck Arch.)  
        H. t. subfusca  Gould, 1856 New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.) through the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu to Fiji and Tonga  
        H. t. tahitica  Gmelin, JF, 1789 Societry Is.  
Hill Swallow Hirundo domicola  Jerdon, 1841 OR : s India, Sri Lanka AS : Hirundo domicola is split from H. tahitica (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005); BLI recognizes
Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena  Gould, 1842 AU : Australia, New Zealand  
        H. n. carteri  (Mathews, 1912) sw Australia  
        H. n. neoxena  Gould, 1842 sc and e Australia, New Zealand and islands  
White-throated Swallow Hirundo albigularis  Strickland, 1849 AF : s, sc  
Ethiopian Swallow Hirundo aethiopica  Blanford, 1869 AF : ne, c  
        H. a. aethiopica  Blanford, 1869 Senegal and Gambia to w Ethiopia, se Kenya and ne Tanzania  
        H. a. amadoni  White, CMN, 1956 e Ethiopia, Somalia and ne Kenya  
Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii  Leach & Koenig, KD, 1818 AF, OR : widespread  
        H. s. smithii  Leach & Koenig, KD, 1818 subsaharan Africa  
        H. s. filifera  Stephens, 1826 sc and se Asia  
Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea  Sundevall, 1850 AF : c, se  
White-bibbed Swallow Hirundo nigrita  Gray, GR, 1845 AF : c, w  
Pied-winged Swallow Hirundo leucosoma  Swainson, 1837 AF : w  
White-tailed Swallow Hirundo megaensis  Benson, 1942 AF : s Ethiopia  
Black-and-rufous Swallow Hirundo nigrorufa  Barboza du Bocage, 1877 AF : sc  
Pearl-breasted Swallow Hirundo dimidiata  Sundevall, 1850 AF : s, sc  
        H. d. marwitzi  Reichenow, 1903 Angola and s DR Congo to ne South Africa and w Mozambique  
        H. d. dimidiata  Sundevall, 1850 Namibia and Botswana to s South Africa  
Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris  (Scopoli, 1769) EU : sw, s  
Pale Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne obsoleta  (Cabanis, 1850) EU : sc, also n Africa  
        P. o. spatzi  (Geyr von Schweppenburg, 1916) s Algeria, sw Libya and n Chad  
        P. o. presaharica  (Vaurie, 1953) s Morocco, n Mauritania and nc Algeria  
        P. o. buchanani  (Hartert, 1921) Niger  
        P. o. obsoleta  (Cabanis, 1850) Egypt to Turkey and Iran  
        P. o. arabica  (Reichenow, 1905) n Chad to n Sudan, sw Arabia, n Somalia and Socotra  
        P. o. perpallida  (Vaurie, 1951) ne Saudi Arabia and s Iraq  
        P. o. pallida  Hume, 1872 e Iran, s Afghanistan and Pakistan  
Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula  (Lichtenstein, 1842) AF : widespread  
        P. f. pusilla  (Zedlitz, 1908) s Mali tp Ethiopia and Eritrea  
        P. f. bansoensis  (Bannerman, 1923) Sierra Leone to Nigeria and Cameroon  
        P. f. rufigula  (Fischer, GA & Reichenow, 1884) n Nigeria and Chad to Ethiopia south to n Tanzania  
        P. f. pretoriae  Roberts, 1922 sw Zimbabwe and s Mozambique to e South Africa  
        P. f. anderssoni  (Sharpe & Wyatt, 1887) sw Angola , n and c Namibia  
        P. f. fuligula  (Lichtenstein, 1842) s Namibia and w South Africa  
Dusky Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne concolor  (Sykes, 1832) OR : India, Southeast Asia  
        P. c. concolor  (Sykes, 1832) India  
        P. c. sintaungensis  (Baker, ECS, 1933) Burma and n Thailand to s China and n Indochina  
Common House Martin Delichon urbicum  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : widespread  
        D. u. urbicum  (Linnaeus, 1758) w, c and n Europe to w Siberia  
        D. u. meridionale  (Hartert, 1910) n Africa and s Europe to sc Asia  
        D. u. lagopodum  (Pallas, 1811) e Asia  
Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus  (Bonaparte, 1850) EU : s, e  
        D. d. cashmeriense  (Gould, 1858) Himalayas to sc China  
        D. d. nigrimentale  (Hartert, 1910) s and e China, Taiwan  
        D. d. dasypus  (Bonaparte, 1850) sc Siberia to ne China, Korea and Japan  
Nepal House Martin Delichon nipalense  Moore, F, 1854 OR : Himalayas to nw Vietnam  
        D. n. nipalense  Moore, F, 1854 Himalayas to nw Burma  
        D. n. cuttingi  Mayr, 1941 ne Burma to nw Vietnam  
Greater Striped Swallow Cecropis cucullata  (Boddaert, 1783) AF : s, sc  
Lesser Striped Swallow Cecropis abyssinica  Guérin-Méneville, 1843 AF : widespread  
        C. a. puella  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) Senegal and Gambia to n Cameroon  
        C. a. maxima  (Bannerman, 1923) se Nigeria to sw Central African Republic  
        C. a. bannermani  (Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1942) ne Central African Republic and sw Sudan  
        C. a. abyssinica  (Guérin-Méneville, 1843) e Sudan to Somalia  
        C. a. unitatis  (Sclater, WL & Mackworth-Praed, 1918) Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to s Somalia and south to Angola, Botswana and e South Africa  
        C. a. ampliformis  (Clancey, 1969) s Angola and n Namibia to w Zambia and nw Zimbabwe  
Red-breasted Swallow Cecropis semirufa  (Sundevall, 1850) AF : widespread  
        C. s. gordoni  (Jardine, 1852) Senegal and Gambia to Sudan and south to n Angola, c DR Congo and n Tanzania  
        C. s. semirufa  (Sundevall, 1850) s and e Angola to Malawi and ne South Africa  
Mosque Swallow Cecropis senegalensis  (Linnaeus, 1766) AF : widespread  
        C. s. senegalensis  (Linnaeus, 1766) s Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia east to sw Sudan  
        C. s. saturatior  (Bannerman, 1923) s Ghana to s Sudan, Ethiopia, and n Kenya  
        C. s. monteiri  (Hartlaub, 1862) Angola and s DR Congo to s Kenya and south to ne South Afrca  
Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica  (Laxmann, 1769) EU, OR, AF : widespread  
        C. d. daurica  (Laxmann, 1769) ne Kazakhstan and Mongolia to sc China  
        C. d. japonica  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) se Siberia, Korea and Japan to s China  
        C. d. nipalensis  (Hodgson, 1837) Himalayas to n Burma  
        C. d. erythropygia  (Sykes, 1832) c India  
        C. d. rufula  (Temminck, 1835) s Europe and n Africa east to Iran, Pakistan and nw India  
        C. d. melanocrissus  Rüppell, 1845 Ethiopia and Eritrea  
        C. d. kumboensis  (Bannerman, 1923) Sierra Leone and w Cameroon  
        C. d. emini  (Reichenow, 1892) se Sudan, Uganda and Kenya to Malawi and n Zambia  
Sri Lanka Swallow Cecropis hyperythra  (Blyth, 1849) OR : Sri Lanka AS : Cecropis hyperythra is split from C. daurica (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005).
West African Swallow Cecropis domicella  (Heuglin, 1869) AF : w Africa from Senegambia to e Sudan  
Striated Swallow Cecropis striolata  (Schlegel, 1844) OR : widespread  
        C. s. striolata  (Schlegel, 1844) Taiwan and the Philippines to the Greater and Lesser Sundas  
        C. s. mayri  (Hall, BP, 1953) ne Bangladesh, ne India, n Burma and s China  
        C. s. stanfordi  (Mayr, 1941) e Burma, n Thailand and Indochina  
        C. s. vernayi  (Kinnear, 1924) s Burma and w Thailand  
Rufous-bellied Swallow Cecropis badia  Cassin, 1853 OR : Malay Peninsula  
Red-throated Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon rufigula  (Barboza du Bocage, 1878) AF : sc, w  
Preuss's Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon preussi  (Reichenow, 1898) AF : c, w  
Red Sea Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon perdita  (Fry & Smith, 1985) AF : e Sudan  
South African Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon spilodera  (Sundevall, 1850) AF : s, sc  
Forest Swallow Petrochelidon fuliginosa  (Chapin, 1925) AF : w  
Streak-throated Swallow Petrochelidon fluvicola  (Blyth, 1855) OR : Pakistan, India  
Fairy Martin Petrochelidon ariel  (Gould, 1842) AU : Australia  
Tree Martin Petrochelidon nigricans  (Vieillot, 1817) AU : widespread  
        P. n. timoriensis  Sharpe, 1885 e Lesser Sundas  
        P. n. neglecta  Mathews, 1912 Australia  
        P. n. nigricans  (Vieillot, 1817) Tasmania  
American Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota  (Vieillot, 1817) NA, MA : widespread  
        P. p. pyrrhonota  (Vieillot, 1817) c Alaska, c and e Canada and w to ec USA  
        P. p. ganieri  (Phillips, AR, 1986) sc USA  
        P. p. hypopolia  Oberholser, 1920 Alaska and w Canada to wc USA  
        P. p. tachina  Oberholser, 1903 sw USA and n Baja California (nw Mexico)  
        P. p. melanogaster  (Swainson, 1827) extreme se Arizona and sw New Mexico (sw USA) to w and s Mexico  
Cave Swallow Petrochelidon fulva  (Vieillot, 1808) NA, MA : s USA, Caribbean, Mexico  
        P. f. pallida  Nelson, 1902 s USA to nc Mexico  
        P. f. citata  van Tyne, 1938 s Mexico  
        P. f. fulva  (Vieillot, 1808) Hispaniola  
        P. f. cavicola  Barbour & Brooks, WS, 1917 se USA and Cuba  
        P. f. poeciloma  (Gosse, 1847) Jamaica  
        P. f. puertoricensis  Garrido, Peterson, AT & Komar, 1999 Puerto Rico  
Chestnut-collared Swallow Petrochelidon rufocollaris  (Peale, 1848) SA : Ecuador, Peru  
        P. r. aequatorialis  Chapman, 1924 sw Ecuador  
        P. r. rufocollaris  (Peale, 1848) w Peru