| IOC English Name | Scientific Name | Range | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
ORDER COLIIFORMES |
|||
Mousebirds (6) |
Family Coliidae |
||
| Speckled Mousebird | Colius striatus Gmelin, JF, 1789 | AF : widespread | |
| C. s. nigricollis Vieillot, 1817 | Ghana and Nigeria to sw Central African Republic and south to w Angola and sw DR Congo | ||
| C. s. leucophthalmus Chapin, 1921 | n DR Congo, se Central African Republic and sw Sudan | ||
| C. s. leucotis Rüppell, 1839 | e Sudan, Eritrea and w and c Ethiopia | ||
| C. s. hilgerti Zedlitz, 1910 | sw Djibouti, ne Ethiopia and nw Somalia | ||
| C. s. jebelensis Mearns, 1915 | s Sudan, ne DR Congo and n Uganda | ||
| C. s. mombassicus van Someren, 1919 | s Somalia to ne Tanzania | ||
| C. s. kikuyensis van Someren, 1919 | c Kenya and n Tanzania | ||
| C. s. cinerascens Neumann, 1900 | w and c Tanzania | ||
| C. s. affinis Shelley, 1885 | e Tanzania to ne Zimbabwe and n Mozambique | ||
| C. s. berlepschi Hartert, 1899 | sw Tanzania to ne Zambia and Malawi | ||
| C. s. kiwuensis Reichenow, 1908 | e DR Congo, c and s Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and nw Tanzania | ||
| C. s. congicus Reichenow, 1923 | e Angola to s and se DR Congo and w Zambia | ||
| C. s. simulans Clancey, 1979 | c Mozambique and se Malawi | ||
| C. s. integralis Clancey, 1957 | ne South Africa, se Zimbabwe and s Mozambique | ||
| C. s. rhodesiae Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1938 | e Zimbabwe and w Mozambique | ||
| C. s. minor Cabanis, 1876 | e South Africa and Swaziland | ||
| C. s. striatus Gmelin, JF, 1789 | s South Africa | ||
| White-headed Mousebird | Colius leucocephalus Reichenow, 1879 | AF : e | |
| C. l. turneri van Someren, 1919 | n Kenya | ||
| C. l. leucocephalus Reichenow, 1879 | s Ethiopia, s Somalia, se Kenya to ne Tanzania | ||
| Red-backed Mousebird | Colius castanotus Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1855 | AF : sw | |
| White-backed Mousebird | Colius colius (Linnaeus, 1766) | AF : s | |
| Blue-naped Mousebird | Urocolius macrourus (Linnaeus, 1766) | AF : e, c, w | |
| U. m. macrourus (Linnaeus, 1766) | Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia to e Ethiopia | ||
| U. m. laeneni (Niethammer, 1955) | A?r Mts. (Niger) | ||
| U. m. abyssinicus Schifter, 1975 | c and s Ethiopia to nw Somalia | ||
| U. m. pulcher (Neumann, 1900) | se Sudan and s Somalia through Kenya to ne Uganda and n Tanzania | ||
| U. m. griseogularis van Someren, 1919 | s Sudan and e DR Congo east to w Tanzania | ||
| U. m. massaicus Schifter, 1975 | c to e Tanzania | ||
| Red-faced Mousebird | Urocolius indicus (Latham, 1790) | AF : s | |
| U. i. mossambicus (Reichenow, 1896) | e Angola to sw Tanzania and Malawi | ||
| U. i. lacteifrons (Sharpe, 1892) | w Angola, n Namibia | ||
| U. i. pallidus (Reichenow, 1896) | se Tanzania and ne Mozambique | ||
| U. i. transvaalensis Roberts, 1922 | sw Zambia to c and s Mozambique and South Africa (except s) | ||
| U. i. indicus (Latham, 1790) | s South Africa | ||
ORDER TROGONIFORMES |
|||
Trogons (43) |
Family Trogonidae |
SEQ : Sequence of New World trogons follows AOU in accord with DaCosta and Klicka (2008) and Moyle (2005) | |
| Eared Quetzal | Euptilotis neoxenus (Gould, 1838) | MA : w Mexico | |
| Pavonine Quetzal | Pharomachrus pavoninus (von Spix, 1824) | SA : Amazonia | |
| Golden-headed Quetzal | Pharomachrus auriceps (Gould, 1842) | SA : Venezuela to n Bolivia | |
| P. a. auriceps (Gould, 1842) | e Panama and n Colombia to n Bolivia | ||
| P. a. hargitti (Oustalet, 1891) | nw Venezuela | ||
| White-tipped Quetzal | Pharomachrus fulgidus (Gould, 1838) | SA : n Venezuela, n Colombia | |
| P. f. festatus Bangs, 1899 | n Colombia | ||
| P. f. fulgidus (Gould, 1838) | n Venezuela | ||
| Resplendent Quetzal | Pharomachrus mocinno de la Llave, 1832 | MA : s Mexico to w Panama | |
| P. m. mocinno de la Llave, 1832 | s Mexico to n Nicaragua | ||
| P. m. costaricensis Cabanis, 1869 | Costa Rica to w Panama | ||
| Crested Quetzal | Pharomachrus antisianus (d'Orbigny, 1837) | SA : Venezuela to n Bolivia | |
| Cuban Trogon | Priotelus temnurus (Temminck, 1825) | NA : Cuba | |
| P. t. temnurus (Temminck, 1825) | Cuba | ||
| P. t. vescus Bangs & Zappey, 1905 | Isle of Pines | ||
| Hispaniolan Trogon | Priotelus roseigaster (Vieillot, 1817) | NA : Hispaniola | |
| Lattice-tailed Trogon | Trogon clathratus Salvin, 1866 | MA : Costa Rica, Panama | |
| Slaty-tailed Trogon | Trogon massena Gould, 1838 | LA : se Mexico to ne Ecuador | |
| T. m. massena Gould, 1838 | se Mexico to Nicaragua | ||
| T. m. hoffmanni (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) | Costa Rica, Panama | ||
| T. m. australis (Chapman, 1915) | w Colombia, nw Ecuador | ||
| Choco Trogon | Trogon comptus Zimmer, 1948 | SA : w Colombia, nw Ecuador | |
| Ecuadorian Trogon | Trogon mesurus (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) | SA : w Ecuador, nw Peru | AS : Trogon mesurus is split from T. melanurus (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001, SACC 380, NACC 2010) |
| Black-tailed Trogon | Trogon melanurus Swainson, 1838 | LA : Panama to Venezuela, Amazonia | |
| T. m. macroura Gould, 1838 | e Panama, n Colombia | ||
| T. m. eumorphus Zimmer, 1948 | w Amazonia | ||
| T. m. occidentalis Pinto, 1950 | se Brazil | ||
| T. m. melanurus Swainson, 1838 | e Colombia to the Guianas south to n Bolivia and e Brazil | ||
| Black-headed Trogon | Trogon melanocephalus Gould, 1836 | MA : se Mexico to n Costa Rica | |
| Citreoline Trogon | Trogon citreolus Gould, 1835 | MA : Mexico | |
| T. c. citreolus Gould, 1835 | w Mexico | ||
| T. c. sumichrasti Brodkorb, 1942 | s Mexico | ||
| White-tailed Trogon | Trogon chionurus Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1871 | LA : Panama to w Ecuador | TAX, ENG : Trogon chionurus is not sister species of T.viridis (DaCosta and Klicka 2008, SACC 379); CHANGE English name to simpler White-tailed Trogon |
| Baird's Trogon | Trogon bairdii Lawrence, 1868 | MA : Costa Rica, Panama | |
| Green-backed Trogon | Trogon viridis Linnaeus, 1766 | SA : Amazonia, se Brazil | TAX, ENG : Trogon viridis is not sister species of T.chionurus (DaCosta and Klicka 2008, SACC 379); tentative English name is Green-backed Trogon (SACC). |
| T. v. viridis Linnaeus, 1766 | Trinidad, e Colombia to Peru, n Bolivia and Brazil | ||
| T. v. melanopterus Gould, 1836 | se Brazil | ||
| Gartered Trogon | Trogon caligatus Gould, 1838 | LA : e Mexico to nw SA | AS : Trogon caligatus is split from T. violaceus (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001, SACC 378, NACC 2010) |
| T. c. braccatus (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) | s Mexico to Costa Rica | ||
| T. c. concinnus Lawrence, 1862 | Panama through w Colombia to w Ecuador and nw Peru | ||
| T. c. caligatus Gould, 1838 | n Colombia, w Venezuela | ||
| Amazonian Trogon | Trogon ramonianus Deville & Des Murs, 1849 | SA : Amazonia | AS : Trogon ramonianus is split from T. violaceus; includes crissalis (DaCosta and Klicka 2008, SACC 430) |
| T. r. ramonianus Deville & Des Murs, 1849 | w Amazonia | ||
| T. r. crissalis (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) | e Brazil | ||
| Guianan Trogon | Trogon violaceus Gmelin, JF, 1788 | SA : s Venezuela, n Brazil, the Guianas, Trinidad. | ENG : CHANGE English name of Trogon violaceus to Guianan Trogon to reflect limited range after split of T. ramonianus and to avoid misapplication of historical ‘group‘ name (SACC 430) |
| Blue-crowned Trogon | Trogon curucui Linnaeus, 1766 | SA : c, e | |
| T. c. peruvianus Swainson, 1838 | s Colombia to Bolivia and c Brazil | ||
| T. c. curucui Linnaeus, 1766 | e Brazil | ||
| T. c. behni Gould, 1875 | e Bolivia, sw Brazil, Paraguay and n Argentina | ||
| Surucua Trogon | Trogon surrucura Vieillot, 1817 | SA : se | |
| T. s. aurantius von Spix, 1824 | e Brazil | ||
| T. s. surrucura Vieillot, 1817 | Paraguay, s Brazil, Uruguay and n Argentina | ||
| Black-throated Trogon | Trogon rufus Gmelin, JF, 1788 | LA : Honduras to Ecuador, Amazonia, se | |
| T. r. tenellus Cabanis, 1862 | se Honduras to nw Colombia | ||
| T. r. cupreicauda (Chapman, 1914) | w Colombia, w Ecuador | ||
| T. r. rufus Gmelin, JF, 1788 | e Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil | ||
| T. r. sulphureus von Spix, 1824 | se Colombia, e Ecuador, ne Peru and w Brazil | ||
| T. r. amazonicus Todd, 1943 | ne Brazil | ||
| T. r. chrysochloros Pelzeln, 1856 | s Brazil, Paraguay and ne Argentina | ||
| Elegant Trogon | Trogon elegans Gould, 1834 | NA, MA : sw USA to Costa Rica | |
| T. e. canescens van Rossem, 1934 | s Arizona (USA), nw Mexico | ||
| T. e. ambiguus Gould, 1835 | s Texas (USA), e and c Mexico | ||
| T. e. elegans Gould, 1834 | Guatemala | ||
| T. e. lubricus Peters, JL, 1945 | Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica | ||
| T. e. goldmani Nelson, 1898 | Tres Marías Is. (off w Mexico) | ||
| Mountain Trogon | Trogon mexicanus Swainson, 1827 | MA : Mexico to Honduras | |
| T. m. clarus Griscom, 1932 | nw Mexico | ||
| T. m. mexicanus Swainson, 1827 | c Mexico to c Guatemala | ||
| T. m. lutescens Griscom, 1932 | Honduras | ||
| Collared Trogon | Trogon collaris Vieillot, 1817 | LA : e Mexico through Amazonia, se Brazil | TAX : Trogon collaris includes T. aurantiiventris, probably a color morph (AOU, Dickinson 2003); revisions needed based on DaCosta & Klicka, Mol. Ecol. 2008 |
| T. c. puella Gould, 1845 | c Mexico to w Panama | ||
| T. c. underwoodi Bangs, 1908 | nw Costa Rica | ||
| T. c. aurantiiventris Gould, 1856 | c Costa Rica, w Panama | ||
| T. c. flavidior (Griscom, 1924) | w Panama | ||
| T. c. extimus Griscom, 1929 | ne Panama | ||
| T. c. heothinus Wetmore, 1967 | Darién (e Panama) | ||
| T. c. virginalis Cabanis & Heine, 1863 | w Colombia, w Ecuador and nw Peru | ||
| T. c. subtropicalis Zimmer, 1948 | c Colombia | ||
| T. c. exoptatus Cabanis & Heine, 1863 | n Venezuela | ||
| T. c. collaris Vieillot, 1817 | Colombia to n Bolivia and wc Brazil, Gianas, Trinidad and Tobago | ||
| T. c. castaneus von Spix, 1824 | se Colombia and nw Brazil to e Peru and n Bolivia, e Brazil | ||
| Masked Trogon | Trogon personatus Gould, 1842 | SA : Colombia to Peru, sc Venezuela | |
| T. p. sanctaemartae Zimmer, 1948 | Santa Marta Mts. (ne Colombia) | ||
| T. p. ptaritepui Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 | tepuis of s Venezuela | ||
| T. p. duidae Chapman, 1929 | Mt. Duida (s Venezuela) | ||
| T. p. roraimae (Chapman, 1929) | Mt. Roraima and nearby tepuis ( se Venezuela, w Guyana) | ||
| T. p. personatus Gould, 1842 | e Colombia and w Venezuela to e Peru | ||
| T. p. assimilis Gould, 1846 | w Colombia, w Ecuador and nw Peru | ||
| T. p. temperatus (Chapman, 1923) | c Colombia and Ecuador | ||
| T. p. heliothrix Tschudi, 1844 | temperate Peru | ||
| T. p. submontanus Todd, 1943 | se Peru and Bolivia | ||
| Narina Trogon | Apaloderma narina (Stephens, 1815) | AF : widespread | |
| A. n. constantia Sharpe & Ussher, 1872 | Sierra Leone to Ghana | ||
| A. n. brachyurum Chapin, 1923 | se Nigeria and Cameroon to DR Congo and Uganda | ||
| A. n. narina (Stephens, 1815) | Ethiopia to Angola and South Africa | ||
| A. n. littorale van Someren, 1931 | s Somalia to e Tanzania and Mozambique | ||
| Bare-cheeked Trogon | Apaloderma aequatoriale Sharpe, 1901 | AF : c, wc | |
| Bar-tailed Trogon | Apaloderma vittatum Shelley, 1882 | AF : wc, e | |
| Javan Trogon | Apalharpactes reinwardtii (Temminck, 1822) | OR : Java | ENG : Change English name of Apalharpactes reinwartii from Blue-tailed Trogon to Javan Trogon to align w BLI, HBW. |
| Sumatran Trogon | Apalharpactes mackloti (Müller, S, 1836) | OR : Sumatra | |
| Malabar Trogon | Harpactes fasciatus (Pennant, 1769) | OR : India and Sri Lanka | |
| H. f. malabaricus (Gould, 1834) | w and s India | ||
| H. f. legerli Koelz, 1939 | c India | ||
| H. f. fasciatus (Pennant, 1769) | Sri Lanka | ||
| Red-naped Trogon | Harpactes kasumba (Raffles, 1822) | OR : Malay Peninsula,Sumatra, Borneo | |
| H. k. kasumba (Raffles, 1822) | Malay Pen. and Sumatra | ||
| H. k. impavidus (Chasen & Kloss, 1931) | Borneo | ||
| Diard's Trogon | Harpactes diardii (Temminck, 1832) | OR : Malay Peninsula,Sumatra, Borneo | |
| H. d. sumatranus Blasius, W, 1896 | Malay Pen. and Sumatra | ||
| H. d. diardii (Temminck, 1832) | Borneo and Bangka I. | ||
| Philippine Trogon | Harpactes ardens (Temminck, 1826) | OR : Philippines | |
| H. a. herberti Parkes, 1970 | ne Luzon (n Philippines) | ||
| H. a. luzoniensis Rand & Rabor, 1952 | Luzon (except ne), Marinduque and Catanduanes (n Philippines) | ||
| H. a. minor Manuel, 1958 | PolilloI. (n Philippines) | ||
| H. a. linae Rand & Rabor, 1959 | Bohol, Leyte and Samar (c Philippines) | ||
| H. a. ardens (Temminck, 1826) | Basilan, Dinagat and Mindanao (s Philippines) | ||
| Whitehead's Trogon | Harpactes whiteheadi Sharpe, 1888 | OR : Borneo | |
| Cinnamon-rumped Trogon | Harpactes orrhophaeus (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) | OR : Malay Peninsula, Borneo | |
| H. o. orrhophaeus (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) | Malay Pen. and Sumatra | ||
| H. o. vidua Ogilvie-Grant, 1892 | Borneo | ||
| Scarlet-rumped Trogon | Harpactes duvaucelii (Temminck, 1824) | OR : Malay Peninsula,Sumatra, Borneo | |
| Orange-breasted Trogon | Harpactes oreskios (Temminck, 1823) | OR : Southeast Asia, Greater Sundas | |
| H. o. stellae Deignan, 1941 | sw China, s Burma and Indochina | ||
| H. o. uniformis (Robinson, 1917) | Malay Pen. and Sumatra | ||
| H. o. oreskios (Temminck, 1823) | Java | ||
| H. o. dulitensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1892 | nw Borneo | ||
| H. o. nias Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940 | Nias I. (off w Sumatra) | ||
| Red-headed Trogon | Harpactes erythrocephalus (Gould, 1834) | OR : Himalayas and s China to Sumatra | |
| H. e. erythrocephalus (Gould, 1834) | c Himalayas and ne India to Burma and nw Thailand | ||
| H. e. helenae Mayr, 1941 | s China and n Burma | ||
| H. e. yamakanensis Rickett, 1899 | se China | ||
| H. e. intermedius (Kinnear, 1925) | Yunnan (s China), n Laos and n Vietnam | ||
| H. e. annamensis (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) | ne Thailand, s Indochina | ||
| H. e. klossi (Robinson, 1915) | Krâvanh Mts. (w Cambodia and se Thailand) | ||
| H. e. chaseni Riley, 1934 | c and s Malay Pen. | ||
| H. e. hainanus Ogilvie-Grant, 1900 | Hainan I. (off se China) | ||
| H. e. flagrans (Müller, S, 1836) | Sumatra | ||
| Ward's Trogon | Harpactes wardi (Kinnear, 1927) | OR : ne India to n Vietnam | |
ORDER LEPTOSOMIFORMES |
PHY : The Cuckoo Roller is the only member of an ancient lineage (not Coraciiformes) with no known relatives among modern birds and thus put into a separate Order, Leptosomiformes (Hackett et al. 2008) | ||
Cuckoo Roller (1) |
Family Leptosomidae |
TAX : The correct spelling of this family name is Leptosomidae, not Leptosomatidae (Bock 1994) | |
| Cuckoo Roller | Leptosomus discolor (Hermann, 1783) | AF : Madagascar region | |
| L. d. gracilis Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885 | Grand Comoro I. (Comoro Islands) | ||
| L. d. intermedius Hartert & Neumann, 1924 | Anjouan I. (Comoro Islands) | ||
| L. d. discolor (Hermann, 1783) | Mayotte I. and Mohéli (Comoro Islands), Madagascar | ||
ORDER CORACIIFORMES |
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Rollers (12) |
Family Coraciidae |
||
| Purple Roller | Coracias naevius Daudin, 1800 | AF : widespread | |
| C. n. naevius Daudin, 1800 | Senegal and Gambia to Somalia and n Tanzania | ||
| C. n. mosambicus Dresser, 1890 | Angola and s DR Congo to Namibia n South Africa | ||
| Indian Roller | Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) | EU, OR : e Iraq through Southeast Asia | |
| C. b. benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) | e Arabia to ne India and Bangladesh | ||
| C. b. indicus Linnaeus, 1766 | c and s India, Sri Lanka | ||
| C. b. affinis Horsfield, 1840 | ne India to sc China, n Malay Pen. and Indochina | ||
| Purple-winged Roller | Coracias temminckii (Vieillot, 1819) | AU : Sulawesi | |
| Racket-tailed Roller | Coracias spatulatus Trimen, 1880 | AF : se, sc | |
| C. s. weigalli Dresser, 1890 | s Tanzania, Malawi and n Mozambique | ||
| C. s. spatulatus Trimen, 1880 | Angola to s Mozambique | ||
| Lilac-breasted Roller | Coracias caudatus Linnaeus, 1766 | AF : e, se, sc | |
| C. c. lorti Shelley, 1885 | Eritrea to w Somalia and ne Kenya | ||
| C. c. caudatus Linnaeus, 1766 | Uganda and s and w Kenya to n Namibia and n South Africa | ||
| Abyssinian Roller | Coracias abyssinicus Hermann, 1783 | AF : ne, c, w | |
| European Roller | Coracias garrulus Linnaeus, 1758 | EU : w, c | |
| C. g. garrulus Linnaeus, 1758 | n Africa and c and s Europe to Iran and sw Siberia | ||
| C. g. semenowi Loudon & Tschusi, 1902 | Iraq to w Pakistan, the w Himalayas and c Kazakhstan | ||
| Blue-bellied Roller | Coracias cyanogaster Cuvier, 1816 | AF : c, w | |
| Blue-throated Roller | Eurystomus gularis Vieillot, 1819 | AF : c, w | |
| E. g. gularis Vieillot, 1819 | Guinea to w Cameroon | ||
| E. g. neglectus Neumann, 1908 | se Nigeria and s Cameroon to n Angola andUganda | ||
| Broad-billed Roller | Eurystomus glaucurus (Statius Müller, 1776) | AF : widespread | |
| E. g. afer (Latham, 1790) | Senegal and Gambia to Ethiopia and south to w Kenya and n Angola | ||
| E. g. suahelicus Neumann, 1905 | s Somalia to Uganda, n Zambia and Tanzania | ||
| E. g. pulcherrimus Neumann, 1905 | Angola to Mozambique and South Africa | ||
| E. g. glaucurus (Statius Müller, 1776) | Madagascar | ||
| Oriental Dollarbird | Eurystomus orientalis (Linnaeus, 1766) | EU, OR, AU : e Asia and Southeast Asia to e Australia | |
| E. o. calonyx Sharpe, 1890 | Himalayas through China to se Siberia, Korea and Japan | ||
| E. o. orientalis (Linnaeus, 1766) | s Himalayas to Indochina, the Malay Pen., Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines | ||
| E. o. laetior Sharpe, 1890 | sw India | ||
| E. o. gigas Stresemann, 1913 | s Andaman Is. | ||
| E. o. irisi Deraniyagala, 1951 | Sri Lanka | ||
| E. o. oberholseri Junge, 1936 | Simeulue I. (off nw Sumatra) | ||
| E. o. pacificus (Latham, 1802) | Lesser Sundas, n and e Australia | ||
| E. o. waigiouensis Elliot, 1871 | New Guinea, w Papuan islands, D'Entrecasteaux Arch. and the Louisiade Arch. | ||
| E. o. crassirostris Sclater, PL, 1869 | Bismarck Arch. | ||
| E. o. solomonensis Sharpe, 1890 | Solomon Is. | ||
| Azure Dollarbird | Eurystomus azureus Gray, GR, 1861 | AU : n Moluccas | |
Ground Rollers (5) |
Family Brachypteraciidae |
||
| Short-legged Ground Roller | Brachypteracias leptosomus (Lesson, 1833) | AF : Madagascar | |
| Scaly Ground Roller | Geobiastes squamiger (Lafresnaye, 1838) | AF : Madagascar | |
| Pitta-like Ground Roller | Atelornis pittoides (Lafresnaye, 1834) | AF : Madagascar | |
| Rufous-headed Ground Roller | Atelornis crossleyi Sharpe, 1875 | AF : Madagascar | |
| Long-tailed Ground Roller | Uratelornis chimaera Rothschild, 1895 | AF : Madagascar | |
Kingfishers (95) |
Family Alcedinidae |
TAX : The kingfishers (Alcedinidae) comprise three monophyletic clades (Alcedininae, Cerylinae, and Daceloninae) (Moyle 2006); some taxonomists elevate them to family status (Sibley and Monroe 1990, Christidis and Boles 2008) | |
| Green-backed Kingfisher | Actenoides monachus (Bonaparte, 1850) | AU : Sulawesi | |
| A. m. monachus (Bonaparte, 1850) | n and c Sulawesi, Manadotua and Lembeh Is. | ||
| A. m. capucinus (Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1896) | e, se and s Sulawesi | ||
| Scaly-breasted Kingfisher | Actenoides princeps (Reichenbach, 1851) | AU : Sulawesi | |
| A. p. princeps (Reichenbach, 1851) | ne Sulawesi | ||
| A. p. erythrorhamphus (Stresemann, 1931) | nw and c Sulawesi | ||
| A. p. regalis (Stresemann, 1932) | se Sulawesi | ||
| Moustached Kingfisher | Actenoides bougainvillei (Rothschild, 1904) | AU : Solomon Islands | |
| A. b. bougainvillei (Rothschild, 1904) | Bougainville I. | ||
| A. b. excelsus (Mayr, 1941) | Guadalcanal I. | ||
| Spotted Wood Kingfisher | Actenoides lindsayi (Vigors, 1831) | OR : Philippines | |
| A. l. lindsayi (Vigors, 1831) | Catanduanes, Marinduque and Luzon (n Philippines) | ||
| A. l. moseleyi Steere, 1890 | Negros and Panay (c Philippines) | ||
| Hombron's Kingfisher | Actenoides hombroni Bonaparte, 1850 | OR : Philippines | |
| Rufous-collared Kingfisher | Actenoides concretus (Temminck, 1825) | OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo | |
| A. c. peristephes (Deignan, 1946) | n Malay Pen. | ||
| A. c. concretus (Temminck, 1825) | s Malay Pen., Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung and Mentawai Is. | ||
| A. c. borneanus (Chasen & Kloss, 1930) | Borneo | ||
| Hook-billed Kingfisher | Melidora macrorrhina (Lesson, 1827) | AU : New Guinea | |
| M. m. waigiuensis Hartert, 1930 | Waigeo I. | ||
| M. m. macrorrhina (Lesson, 1827) | w, c, and e New Guinea, Misool and Batanta Is, | ||
| M. m. jobiensis Salvadori, 1880 | n New Guinea and Yapen I. | ||
| Banded Kingfisher | Lacedo pulchella (Horsfield, 1821) | OR : Southeast Asia, Greater Sundas | |
| L. p. amabilis (Hume, 1873) | s Burma, Thailand, s Vietnam | ||
| L. p. pulchella (Horsfield, 1821) | Malay Pen., Sumatra, Java and n Natuna Is. | ||
| L. p. melanops (Bonaparte, 1850) | Borneo and Bangka I. | ||
| Common Paradise Kingfisher | Tanysiptera galatea Gray, GR, 1859 | AU : New Guinea, Moluccas | ENG : Change English name of Tanysiptera galatea to Common Paradise Kingfisher (Gregory 2009) |
| T. g. emiliae Sharpe, 1871 | Rau I. (n Moluccas) | ||
| T. g. doris Wallace, 1862 | Morotai I. (n Moluccas) | ||
| T. g. browningi Ripley, 1983 | Halmahera (n Moluccas) | ||
| T. g. brunhildae Jany, 1955 | Doi I. (n Moluccas) | ||
| T. g. margarethae Heine, 1860 | Bacan I. (n Moluccas) | ||
| T. g. sabrina Gray, GR, 1861 | Kayoa I. (n Moluccas) | ||
| T. g. obiensis Salvadori, 1877 | Bisa, Obi Latu and Obi (c Moluccas) | ||
| T. g. acis Wallace, 1863 | Buru I. (s Moluccas) | ||
| T. g. boanensis Mees, 1964 | Boano I. (s Moluccas) | ||
| T. g. nais Gray, GR, 1861 | Manipa, Ambon, Seram, Manawoka and Gorong (s Moluccas) | ||
| T. g. galatea Gray, GR, 1859 | nw New Guinea and the w Papuan islands | ||
| T. g. meyeri Salvadori, 1889 | n New Guinea | ||
| T. g. minor Salvadori & d'Albertis, 1875 | s New Guinea | ||
| T. g. vulcani Rothschild & Hartert, 1915 | Manam I. (off ne New Guinea) | ||
| T. g. rosseliana Tristram, 1889 | Rossel I. (e Louisiade Arch.) | ||
| Kofiau Paradise Kingfisher | Tanysiptera ellioti Sharpe, 1870 | AU : Kofiau Island | |
| Biak Paradise Kingfisher | Tanysiptera riedelii Verreaux, J, 1866 | AU : Biak Island | |
| Numfor Paradise Kingfisher | Tanysiptera carolinae Schlegel, 1871 | AU : Numfor Island | ENG : Change English name of Tanysiptera carolinae to Numfor Paradise Kingfisher (Gregory 2009) |
| Little Paradise Kingfisher | Tanysiptera hydrocharis Gray, GR, 1858 | AU : s New Guinea, Aru Islands | |
| Buff-breasted Paradise Kingfisher | Tanysiptera sylvia Gould, 1850 | AU : New Guinea, ne Australia | |
| T. s. salvadoriana Ramsay, EP, 1879 | se New Guinea | ||
| T. s. sylvia Gould, 1850 | n Queensland (ne Australia) | ||
| Black-capped Paradise Kingfisher | Tanysiptera nigriceps Sclater, PL, 1877 | AU : Bismarck Archipelago | |
| T. n. leucura Neumann, 1915 | Umboi I. (Bismarck Arch.) | ||
| T. n. nigriceps Sclater, PL, 1877 | New Britain and Duke of York Is. (Bismarck Arch.) | ||
| Red-breasted Paradise Kingfisher | Tanysiptera nympha Gray, GR, 1840 | AU : New Guinea | ENG : Change English name of Tanysiptera nympha to Red-breasted Paradise Kingfisher (Gregory 2009) |
| Brown-headed Paradise Kingfisher | Tanysiptera danae Sharpe, 1880 | AU : New Guinea | ENG : Change English name of Tanysiptera danae to Brown-headed Paradise Kingfisher (Gregory 2009) |
| Lilac Kingfisher | Cittura cyanotis (Temminck, 1824) | AU : Sulawesi | |
| C. c. sanghirensis Sharpe, 1868 | Sangihe Is. (off nw Sulawesi) | ||
| C. c. cyanotis (Temminck, 1824) | Sulawesi and Lembeh I. | ||
| Shovel-billed Kookaburra | Clytoceyx rex Sharpe, 1880 | AU : New Guinea | |
| C. r. rex Sharpe, 1880 | w, c and se New Guinea | ||
| C. r. imperator van Oort, 1909 | sw New Guinea | ||
| Laughing Kookaburra | Dacelo novaeguineae (Hermann, 1783) | AU : e, sw Australia | |
| D. n. minor Robinson, 1900 | Cape York Pen. (ne Australia) | ||
| D. n. novaeguineae (Hermann, 1783) | e and se Australia, Tasmania and sw Australia | ||
| Blue-winged Kookaburra | Dacelo leachii Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 | AU : s New Guinea, n Australia | |
| D. l. superflua Mathews, 1918 | sw New Guinea | ||
| D. l. intermedia Salvadori, 1876 | sc and se New Guinea | ||
| D. l. occidentalis Gould, 1870 | wc Australia | ||
| D. l. leachii Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 | Australia except wc | ||
| Spangled Kookaburra | Dacelo tyro Gray, GR, 1858 | AU : s New Guinea, Aru Islands | |
| D. t. archboldi (Rand, 1938) | s New Guinea | ||
| D. t. tyro Gray, GR, 1858 | Aru Is. (se of New Guinea) | ||
| Rufous-bellied Kookaburra | Dacelo gaudichaud Gaimard, 1823 | AU : New Guinea | |
| Glittering Kingfisher | Caridonax fulgidus (Gould, 1857) | AU : Lesser Sundas | |
| C. f. fulgidus (Gould, 1857) | Lombok and Sumbawa Is. | ||
| C. f. gracilirostris (Rensch, 1928) | Flores and Besar Is. | ||
| Stork-billed Kingfisher | Pelargopsis capensis (Linnaeus, 1766) | OR : widespread | |
| P. c. capensis (Linnaeus, 1766) | Nepal through India to Sri Lanka | ||
| P. c. osmastoni (Baker, ECS, 1934) | Andaman Is. | ||
| P. c. intermedia Hume, 1874 | Nicobar Is. | ||
| P. c. burmanica Sharpe, 1870 | Burma to Indochina and south to n Malay Pen. | ||
| P. c. malaccensis Sharpe, 1870 | c and s Malay Pen., Riau Arch. and Lingga Arch. | ||
| P. c. cyanopteryx (Oberholser, 1909) | Sumatra, Bangka and Belitung Is. | ||
| P. c. simalurensis Richmond, 1903 | Simeulue I. (off nw Sumatra) | ||
| P. c. sodalis Richmond, 1903 | Banyak, Nias, Batu and Mentawai Is. (off nw Sumatra) | ||
| P. c. innominata (van Oort, 1910) | Borneo | ||
| P. c. javana (Boddaert, 1783) | Java | ||
| P. c. floresiana Sharpe, 1870 | Bali to Flores (Lesser Sundas) | ||
| P. c. gouldi Sharpe, 1870 | n Philippines | ||
| P. c. gigantea Walden, 1874 | c and s Philippines | ||
| Great-billed Kingfisher | Pelargopsis melanorhyncha (Temminck, 1826) | AU : Sulawesi | |
| P. m. melanorhyncha (Temminck, 1826) | Sulawesi, Muna, Buton and Selayar Is. | ||
| P. m. dichrorhyncha Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1896 | Peleng and Banggai Is. (off Sulawesi) | ||
| P. m. eutreptorhyncha Hartert, 1898 | Sula Is. (e of Sulawesi) | ||
| Brown-winged Kingfisher | Pelargopsis amauroptera (Pearson, 1841) | OR : e India to w Thailand coasts | |
| Ruddy Kingfisher | Halcyon coromanda (Latham, 1790) | OR : widespread, also e Asia | |
| H. c. coromanda (Latham, 1790) | Nepal to s China, s Thailand and n Burma | ||
| H. c. major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848) | ne China, Korea and Japan | ||
| H. c. bangsi (Oberholser, 1915) | RyukyuIs., Taiwan and Lanyu I. | ||
| H. c. mizorhina (Oberholser, 1915) | Andaman Is. | ||
| H. c. minor (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848) | s Malay Pen., Sumatra, w Sumatra islands, Riau Arch., Bangka and Belitung, Java and Borneo | ||
| H. c. linae Hubbard & duPont, 1974 | Palawan I. (w Philippines) | ||
| H. c. claudiae Hubbard & duPont, 1974 | Tawitawi group and Sulu Arch. | ||
| H. c. rufa Wallace, 1863 | Talaud and Sangihe Is south to Sulawesi and offshore islands | ||
| H. c. pelingensis Neumann, 1939 | Banggai Is. | ||
| H. c. sulana Mees, 1970 | Sula Is. (e of Sulawesi) | ||
| White-throated Kingfisher | Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758) | OR : widespread, also Middle East | |
| H. s. smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758) | s Turkey to ne Egypt, Iraq to nw India | ||
| H. s. fusca (Boddaert, 1783) | w India and Sri Lanka | ||
| H. s. perpulchra Madarász, 1904 | Bhutan to e India, Indochina, the Malay Pen. and w Java | ||
| H. s. saturatior Hume, 1874 | Andaman Is. | ||
| H. s. fokiensis Laubmann & Götz, 1926 | s and e China, Taiwan and Hainan | ||
| H. s. gularis (Kuhl, 1820) | Philippines | ||
| Javan Kingfisher | Halcyon cyanoventris (Vieillot, 1818) | OR : Java | |
| Chocolate-backed Kingfisher | Halcyon badia Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1851 | AF : c, w | |
| Black-capped Kingfisher | Halcyon pileata (Boddaert, 1783) | OR : widespread | |
| Grey-headed Kingfisher | Halcyon leucocephala (Statius Müller, 1776) | AF : widespread | |
| H. l. acteon (Lesson, 1830) | Cape Verde Is. | ||
| H. l. leucocephala (Statius Müller, 1776) | Senegal and Gambia to nw Somalia, n Tanzania and n DR Congo | ||
| H. l. semicaerulea (Gmelin, JF, 1788) | s Arabian Pen. | ||
| H. l. hyacinthina Reichenow, 1900 | se Somalia to Tanzania | ||
| H. l. pallidiventris Cabanis, 1880 | s DR Congo to nw Tanzania and south to n South Africa | ||
| Brown-hooded Kingfisher | Halcyon albiventris (Scopoli, 1786) | AF : e, se, wc | |
| H. a. albiventris (Scopoli, 1786) | s South Africa | ||
| H. a. orientalis Peters, W, 1868 | Somalia to Botswana and Mozambique | ||
| H. a. prentissgrayi Bowen, 1930 | se Kenya to Congo, DR Congo, Angola and Zambia | ||
| H. a. vociferans Clancey, 1952 | Zimbabwe and s Mozambique to ne South Africa | ||
| Striped Kingfisher | Halcyon chelicuti (Stanley, 1814) | AF : widespread | |
| H. c. eremogiton Hartert, 1921 | c Mali to c Sudan | ||
| H. c. chelicuti (Stanley, 1814) | s Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia to Ethiopia and South Africa | ||
| Blue-breasted Kingfisher | Halcyon malimbica (Shaw, 1812) | AF : c, w | |
| H. m. torquata Swainson, 1837 | Senegal and Gambia to Guinea-Bissau and w Mali | ||
| H. m. forbesi Sharpe, 1892 | Sierra Leone to w Cameroon, Bioko I. | ||
| H. m. dryas Hartlaub, 1854 | Principe I. (Gulf of Guinea) | ||
| H. m. malimbica (Shaw, 1812) | Cameroon to Uganda amd Zambia | ||
| Woodland Kingfisher | Halcyon senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) | AF : widespread | |
| H. s. fuscopileus Reichenow, 1906 | Sierra Leone to s Nigeria and south to DR Congo and n Angola | ||
| H. s. senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) | Senegal and Gambia to Ethiopia and n Tanzania | ||
| H. s. cyanoleuca (Vieillot, 1818) | s Angola and w Tanzania to South Africa | ||
| Mangrove Kingfisher | Halcyon senegaloides Smith, A, 1834 | AF : e, se coast | |
| Blue-black Kingfisher | Todiramphus nigrocyaneus (Wallace, 1862) | AU : New Guinea | |
| T. n. nigrocyaneus (Wallace, 1862) | nw to sc New Guinea lowlands and nearby islands | ||
| T. n. quadricolor (Oustalet, 1880) | Yapen I. and n New Guinea | ||
| T. n. stictolaemus (Salvadori, 1876) | sc and se New Guinea | ||
| Winchell's Kingfisher | Todiramphus winchelli (Sharpe, 1877) | OR : Philippines | |
| T. w. nigrorum (Hachisuka, 1934) | Bohol, Cebu, Negros, Samar, Leyte, Calicoan, Biliran and Siquijor Is. (c and ec Philippines) | ||
| T. w. nesydrionetes (Parkes, 1966) | Romblon, Sibuyan and Tablas Is. (nc Philippines) | ||
| T. w. mindanensis (Parkes, 1966) | Mindanao (s Philippines) | ||
| T. w. winchelli (Sharpe, 1877) | Basilan (sw Philippines) | ||
| T. w. alfredi (Oustalet, 1890) | Sulu Arch. (sw Philippines) | ||
| Blue-and-white Kingfisher | Todiramphus diops (Temminck, 1824) | AU : n Moluccas | |
| Lazuli Kingfisher | Todiramphus lazuli (Temminck, 1830) | AU : s Moluccas | |
| Forest Kingfisher | Todiramphus macleayii (Jardine & Selby, 1830) | AU : n, e Australia | |
| T. m. elisabeth (Heine, 1883) | e New Guinea | ||
| T. m. macleayii (Jardine & Selby, 1830) | n Australia to Lesser Sundas | ||
| T. m. incinctus (Gould, 1838) | ne and ec Australia to New Guinea and nearby islands | ||
| White-mantled Kingfisher | Todiramphus albonotatus (Ramsay, EP, 1884) | AU : Bismarck Archipelago | |
| Ultramarine Kingfisher | Todiramphus leucopygius (Verreaux, J, 1858) | AU : Solomon Islands | |
| Vanuatu Kingfisher | Todiramphus farquhari (Sharpe, 1899) | AU : Vanuatu | |
| Sombre Kingfisher | Todiramphus funebris Bonaparte, 1850 | AU : n Moluccas | |
| Collared Kingfisher | Todiramphus chloris (Boddaert, 1783) | OR, AU : widespread, also ne AF and Arabian Peninsula | |
| T. c. abyssinicus (Pelzeln, 1856) | s Red Sea coasts | ||
| T. c. kalbaensis (Cowles, 1980) | ne Arabia | ||
| T. c. vidali (Sharpe, 1892) | sw India | ||
| T. c. davisoni (Sharpe, 1892) | Andaman and Cocos Is. (Indian Ocean off Burma) | ||
| T. c. occipitalis Blyth, 1846 | Nicobar Is. | ||
| T. c. humii (Sharpe, 1892) | coastal e India to s Malay Pen., ne Sumatra | ||
| T. c. armstrongi (Sharpe, 1892) | Burma to Thailand, Indochina and s China | ||
| T. c. laubmannianus (Grote, 1933) | Sumatra (except ne), Borneo and nearby islands | ||
| T. c. chloropterus (Oberholser, 1919) | islands off w Sumatra (except Enggano) | ||
| T. c. azelus (Oberholser, 1919) | Enggano I. (off w Sumatra) | ||
| T. c. palmeri (Oberholser, 1919) | Java, Bali and nearby islands | ||
| T. c. collaris (Scopoli, 1786) | Philippines | ||
| T. c. chloris (Boddaert, 1783) | Sulawesi to nw New Guinea, Lesser Sundas | ||
| T. c. sordidus (Gould, 1842) | n and ne Australia, Aru Is. | ||
| T. c. pilbara (Johnstone, RE, 1983) | nw Australia | ||
| T. c. colcloughi (Mathews, 1916) | ec Australia | ||
| T. c. colonus (Hartert, 1896) | islands off se New Guinea, Louisiade Arch. | ||
| T. c. teraokai (Kuroda, 1915) | Palau Is. (w Carolina Is.) | ||
| T. c. owstoni (Rothschild, 1904) | n Mariana Is. | ||
| T. c. albicilla (Dumont, 1823) | s Mariana Is. | ||
| T. c. orii (Taka-Tsukasa & Momiyama, 1931) | Rota I. (s Mariana Is.) | ||
| T. c. nusae (Heinroth, 1902) | New Hanover, New Ireland (except SW) and Feni Is. | ||
| T. c. matthiae (Heinroth, 1902) | St. Matthias Is. (Bismarck Arch.) | ||
| T. c. stresemanni (Laubmann, 1923) | islands between New Guinea and New Britain | ||
| T. c. novaehiberniae (Hartert, 1925) | sw New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.) | ||
| T. c. bennetti (Ripley, 1947) | Nissan I. (Bismarck Arch.) | ||
| T. c. tristrami (Layard, EL, 1880) | New Britain (Bismarck Arch.) | ||
| T. c. alberti (Rothschild & Hartert, 1905) | Buku se to Guadalcanal ( nw and c Solomon Is.) | ||
| T. c. mala (Mayr, 1935) | Malaita I. (ne Solomon Is.) | ||
| T. c. pavuvu (Mayr, 1935) | Pavuvu I. (sc Solomon Is.) | ||
| T. c. solomonis (Ramsay, EP, 1882) | San Cristobal and nearby islands (se Solomons Is.) | ||
| T. c. sororum (Galbraith, ICJ & Galbraith, EH, 1962) | Olu Malau Is. (e Solomons) | ||
| T. c. amoenus (Mayr, 1931) | Rennell and Bellona Is. (s Solomon Is.) | ||
| T. c. brachyurus (Mayr, 1931) | Reef Is. (n Santa Cruz Is.) | ||
| T. c. vicina (Mayr, 1931) | Duff Is. (ne Santa Cruz Is.) | ||
| T. c. ornatus (Mayr, 1931) | Nendo and Tinakula Is. (c Santa Cruz Is.) | ||
| T. c. utupuae (Mayr, 1931) | Utupua I. (s Santa Cruz Is.) | ||
| T. c. melanodera (Mayr, 1931) | Vanikolo I. (s Santa Cruz Is.) | ||
| T. c. torresianus (Mayr, 1931) | Torres Is. (n Vanuatu) | ||
| T. c. santoensis (Mayr, 1931) | Banks Is. and Espiritu Santo (n Vanuatu) | ||
| T. c. juliae (Heine, 1860) | Maéwo to Éfaté (c Vanuatu) | ||
| T. c. erromangae (Mayr, 1938) | Erromanga I. (s Vanuatu) | ||
| T. c. tannensis (Sharpe, 1892) | Tanna I. (s Vanuatu) | ||
| T. c. vitiensis (Peale, 1848) | Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Viti Levu, Koro, Ovalau and Ngau Is. (Fiji) | ||
| T. c. eximius (Mayr, 1941) | Kandavu, Ono and Kanua Kula Is. (Fiji) | ||
| T. c. marinus (Mayr, 1941) | Lau Arch. (e Fiji) | ||
| T. c. sacer (Gmelin, JF, 1788) | Tonga Is. | ||
| T. c. regina (Mayr, 1941) | Futuna I. (c Polynesia) | ||
| T. c. pealei (Finsch & Hartlaub, 1867) | Tutuila (American Samoa) | ||
| T. c. manuae (Mayr, 1941) | Ofu, Olosega and Tau Is. (Manua Is. In American Somoa) | ||
| Talaud Kingfisher | Todiramphus enigma (Hartert, 1904) | AU : Talaud Islands | |
| Micronesian Kingfisher | Todiramphus cinnamominus (Swainson, 1821) | PO : Guam, Palau Islands, Caroline islands | |
| T. c. miyakoensis † (Kuroda, 1919) |
Myaku I. (Ryukyu Is., Japan) | ||
| T. c. pelewensis (Wiglesworth, 1891) | Palau Is. (w Caroline Is.) | ||
| T. c. reichenbachii Hartlaub, 1852 | Pohnpei I. (e Caroline Is.) | ||
| T. c. cinnamominus (Swainson, 1821) | Guam I. (s Marianas) | ||
| Beach Kingfisher | Todiramphus saurophagus (Gould, 1843) | AU : Moluccas to Solomon Islands | |
| T. s. saurophagus (Gould, 1843) | n Moluccas to the Solomon Is. | ||
| T. s. anachoreta (Reichenow, 1898) | Ninigo, Anchorite and Hermit Is. (n of New Guinea) | ||
| T. s. admiralitatis (Sharpe, 1892) | Admiralty Is. (nw Bismarck Arch.) | ||
| Sacred Kingfisher | Todiramphus sanctus (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) | OR, AU : Australia, New Zealand and islands in the region | |
| T. s. sanctus (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) | Australia to e Solomon Is. | ||
| T. s. vagans (Lesson, 1828) | New Zealand, Lord Howe and Kermadec Is. | ||
| T. s. norfolkiensis (Tristram, 1885) | Norfolk I. | ||
| T. s. canacorum (Brasil, L, 1916) | New Caledonia | ||
| T. s. macmillani (Mayr, 1940) | Loyalty Is. | ||
| Flat-billed Kingfisher | Todiramphus recurvirostris Lafresnaye, 1842 | PO : Samoa | |
| Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher | Todiramphus australasia (Vieillot, 1818) | AU : Lesser Sundas, Timor | |
| T. a. australasia (Vieillot, 1818) | w and c Lesser Sundas | ||
| T. a. dammerianus (Hartert, 1900) | e Lesser Sundas | ||
| T. a. odites (Peters, JL, 1945) | Tanimbar Is. | ||
| Chattering Kingfisher | Todiramphus tutus (Gmelin, JF, 1788) | PO : Society Islands | |
| T. t. tutus (Gmelin, JF, 1788) | Society Is. | ||
| T. t. atiu (Holyoak, 1974) | Atiu I. (Cook Is.) | ||
| T. t. mauke (Holyoak, 1974) | Mauke I. (Cook Is.) | ||
| Mewing Kingfisher | Todiramphus ruficollaris (Holyoak, 1974) | PO : Cook Islands | |
| Society Kingfisher | Todiramphus veneratus (Gmelin, JF, 1788) | PO : Society Islands | |
| T. v. veneratus (Gmelin, JF, 1788) | Tahiti (Society Is.) | ||
| T. v. youngi Sharpe, 1892 | Moores (Society Is.) | ||
| Tuamotu Kingfisher | Todiramphus gambieri (Oustalet, 1895) | PO : Tuamotu Archipelago | |
| T. g. gambieri † (Oustalet, 1895) |
Mangareva I. (Tuamoto Arch.) | ||
| T. g. gertrudae Murphy, 1924 | Niau I. (Tuamoto Arch.) | ||
| Marquesan Kingfisher | Todiramphus godeffroyi (Finsch, 1877) | PO : Marquesas Islands | |
| Red-backed Kingfisher | Todiramphus pyrrhopygius (Gould, 1841) | AU : Australia | |
| Yellow-billed Kingfisher | Syma torotoro Lesson, 1827 | AU : New Guinea, n Australia | |
| S. t. torotoro Lesson, 1827 | w and sc New Guinea, w. Papuan Is., Yapen and Aru Is. | ||
| S. t. meeki Rothschild & Hartert, 1901 | se new Guinea | ||
| S. t. ochracea Rothschild & Hartert, 1901 | D'Entrecasteaux Arch. | ||
| S. t. flavirostris (Gould, 1850) | Cape York Pen. (ne Australia) | ||
| Mountain Kingfisher | Syma megarhyncha Salvadori, 1896 | AU : New Guinea | |
| S. m. wellsi Mathews, 1918 | w New Guinea | ||
| S. m. sellamontis Reichenow, 1919 | Huon Pen. (ne New Guinea) | ||
| S. m. megarhyncha Salvadori, 1896 | c and se New Guinea | ||
| African Dwarf Kingfisher | Ispidina lecontei Cassin, 1856 | AF : c, w | |
| African Pygmy Kingfisher | Ispidina picta (Boddaert, 1783) | AF : widespread | |
| I. p. picta (Boddaert, 1783) | Senegal and Gambia to Ethiopia and south to Uganda | ||
| I. p. ferrugina Clancey, 1984 | Guinea-Bissau to w Uganda and south to Angola, Zambia and n Tanzania | ||
| I. p. natalensis (Smith, A, 1831) | S Angola to c Tanzania south to n and e South Africa | ||
| Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher | Corythornis madagascariensis (Linnaeus, 1766) | AF : Madagascar | TAX : Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher belongs in Corythornis not Ispidina (Moyle et al 2007) |
| C. m. madagascariensis (Linnaeus, 1766) | Madagascar except the sw | ||
| C. m. dilutus (Benson, 1974) | sw Madagascar | ||
| White-bellied Kingfisher | Corythornis leucogaster (Fraser, 1843) | AF : c, w | |
| C. l. bowdleri (Neumann, 1908) | Guinea to Mali and Ghana | ||
| C. l. leucogaster (Fraser, 1843) | Nigeria to nw Angola, Bioko I. | ||
| C. l. leopoldi (Dubois, AJC, 1905) | e Congo to s Uganda and nw Zambia | ||
| Malachite Kingfisher | Corythornis cristatus (Pallas, 1764) | AF : widespread | |
| C. c. galeritus (Statius Müller, 1776) | Senegal to east Africa south to n Angola and Malawi | ||
| C. c. nais (Kaup, 1848) | Principe | AL : Melo and Fuchs (2008) and BLI lump as subspecies of C. cristatus | |
| C. c. thomensis (Salvadori, 1902) | AF : São Tomé | AL : Melo and Fuchs (2008) and BLI lump as subspecies of C. cristata | |
| C. c. cristatus (Pallas, 1764) | s Angola to s Mozambique south to e South Africa | ||
| C. c. stuartkeithi Dickerman, 1989 | Sudan and Ethiopia | ||
| Malagasy Kingfisher | Corythornis vintsioides (Eydoux & Gervais, 1836) | AF : Madagascar region | |
| C. v. johannae Meinertzhagen, 1924 | Comoro Is. | ||
| C. v. vintsioides (Eydoux & Gervais, 1836) | Madagascar | ||
| Cerulean Kingfisher | Alcedo coerulescens Vieillot, 1818 | OR, AU : Sumatra to Lesser Sundas | |
| Blue-banded Kingfisher | Alcedo euryzona Temminck, 1830 | OR : Burma, Malay Peninsula, Greater Sundas | |
| A. e. peninsulae Laubmann, 1941 | s Burma, Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo | ||
| A. e. euryzona Temminck, 1830 | Java | ||
| Shining-blue Kingfisher | Alcedo quadribrachys Bonaparte, 1850 | AF : c, w | |
| A. q. quadribrachys Bonaparte, 1850 | Senegal and Gambia to wc Nigeria | ||
| A. q. guentheri Sharpe, 1892 | s Nigeria to Kenya, nw Zambia amd n Angola | ||
| Blue-eared Kingfisher | Alcedo meninting Horsfield, 1821 | OR : widespread | |
| A. m. coltarti Baker, ECS, 1919 | Nepal and India to n and c Thailand and Indochina | ||
| A. m. phillipsi Baker, ECS, 1927 | sw India and Sri Lanka | ||
| A. m. scintillans Baker, ECS, 1919 | n Malay Pen. | ||
| A. m. rufigastra Walden, 1873 | Andaman Is. | ||
| A. m. meninting Horsfield, 1821 | s Malay Pen., Borneo, s Philippines, sw Sulawesi, Sula Is., Sumatra and Java to Lombok | ||
| Common Kingfisher | Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758) | EU, OR : widespread, also n AF, New Guinea | |
| A. a. ispida Linnaeus, 1758 | s Norway, the British Isles and n Spain to w Russia | ||
| A. a. atthis (Linnaeus, 1758) | s Spain and n Africa east to c Siberia, nw China and nw India | ||
| A. a. bengalensis Gmelin, JF, 1788 | c India to se Siberia, Japan and se Asia | ||
| A. a. taprobana Kleinschmidt, O, 1894 | s India and Sri Lanka | ||
| A. a. floresiana Sharpe, 1892 | Lesser Sundas | ||
| A. a. hispidoides Lesson, 1837 | Sulawesi, Moluccas, w Papuan islands, New Guinea, Bismarck Arch. and Louisiade Arch. | ||
| A. a. salomonensis Rothschild & Hartert, 1905 | Solomon Is. | ||
| Half-collared Kingfisher | Alcedo semitorquata Swainson, 1823 | AF : e, sc, se | |
| Blyth's Kingfisher | Alcedo hercules Laubmann, 1917 | OR : e Nepal to c Vietnam | |
| Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher | Ceyx erithaca (Linnaeus, 1758) | OR : widespread | PS : Rufous-backed morphs sometimes treated as separate species C.rufidorsa(King 1997, Rasmussen & Anderton 2005). Lim et al 2010 suggest past episodes of secondary contact and introgression. Revisit status of rufidorsa |
| C. e. erithaca (Linnaeus, 1758) | India and Sri Lanka to se China, Indochina and Sumatra | ||
| C. e. macrocarus Oberholser, 1917 | Andaman and Nicobar Is. | ||
| C. e. motleyi Chasen & Kloss, 1929 | Philippines, Java, Borneo to Sumbawa and Flores | ||
| Philippine Dwarf Kingfisher | Ceyx melanurus (Kaup, 1848) | OR : Philippines | |
| C. m. melanurus (Kaup, 1848) | Luzon, Polillo, Alabat and Catanduanes (N Philippines) | ||
| C. m. samarensis Steere, 1890 | Samar and Layte (ec Philippines) | ||
| C. m. mindanensis Steere, 1890 | Mindanao and Basilan (s Philippines) | ||
| Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher | Ceyx fallax (Schlegel, 1866) | AU : Sulawesi | |
| C. f. sangirensis (Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1898) | Sangihe Is. (ne of Sulawesi) | ||
| C. f. fallax (Schlegel, 1866) | Sulawesi | ||
| Variable Dwarf Kingfisher | Ceyx lepidus Temminck, 1836 | AU : Moluccas to Solomon Islands, also Philippines | ENG : Change English name of Ceyx lepidus to Variable Dwarf Kingfisher (Gregory 2009) |
| C. l. margarethae Blasius, W, 1890 | c and s Philippines | ||
| C. l. wallacii Sharpe, 1868 | Sula Is. | ||
| C. l. uropygialis Gray, GR, 1861 | n and c Moluccas | ||
| C. l. lepidus Temminck, 1836 | s Moluccas except Buru I. | ||
| C. l. cajeli Wallace, 1863 | Buru I. (s Moluccas) | ||
| C. l. solitarius Temminck, 1836 | w Papuan islands, New Guinea, Aru Is. and D'Entrecasteaux Arch. | ||
| C. l. dispar Rothschild & Hartert, 1914 | Admiralty Is. | ||
| C. l. mulcatus Rothschild & Hartert, 1914 | New Hanover, New Ireland and Lihir Is. (Bismarck Arch.) | ||
| C. l. sacerdotis Ramsay, EP, 1882 | New Britain and Umboi Is. (Bismarck Arch.) | ||
| C. l. meeki Rothschild, 1901 | Buka and Bougainville E to Choiseul and Santa Isabel (w and c Solomons Is.) | ||
| C. l. collectoris Rothschild & Hartert, 1901 | Vellalavella, New Georgia and Rendova Is. (wc Solomons Is.) | ||
| C. l. malaitae Mayr, 1935 | Malaita Is. (e Solomons Is.) | ||
| C. l. nigromaxilla Rothschild & Hartert, 1905 | Guadalcanal I. (s Solomons Is.) | ||
| C. l. gentianus Tristram, 1879 | San Crist�bal (e Solomon Is.) | ||
| Indigo-banded Kingfisher | Ceyx cyanopectus Lafresnaye, 1840 | OR : Philippines | TAX : Move cyanopecta, argentata, azurea, websteri, and pusilla from Alcedo to Ceyx (Moyle et al 2007, Christidis & Boles 2008) |
| C. c. cyanopectus Lafresnaye, 1840 | Luzon, Mindoro and nearby islands (n Philippines) | ||
| C. c. nigrirostris Bourns & Worcester, 1894 | Cebu, Negros and Panay (wc Philippines) | ||
| Silvery Kingfisher | Ceyx argentatus Tweeddale, 1877 | OR : Philippines | |
| C. a. flumenicolus Steere, 1890 | Bohol, Leyte and Samar (ec Philippines) | ||
| C. a. argentatus Tweeddale, 1877 | Mindanao, Basilan, Dinagat and Siargao (s Philippines) | ||
| Azure Kingfisher | Ceyx azureus (Latham, 1802) | AU : Moluccas, New Guinea, n, e Australia | |
| C. a. affinis (Gray, GR, 1861) | n Moluccas | ||
| C. a. lessonii (Cassin, 1850) | w Papuan islands, w, s and e New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Arch., and Aru Is. | ||
| C. a. ochrogaster (Reichenow, 1903) | n New Guinea, islands of Geelvink Bay and Admiralty Islands | ||
| C. a. ruficollaris (Bankier, 1841) | n Australia, Romang and Tanimbar Is. (e Lesser Sundas) | ||
| C. a. azureus (Latham, 1802) | e and se Australia | ||
| C. a. diemenensis (Gould, 1846) | Tasmania | ||
| Bismarck Kingfisher | Ceyx websteri (Hartert, 1898) | AU : Bismarck Archipelago | |
| Little Kingfisher | Ceyx pusillus Temminck, 1836 | AU : Moluccas to Solomon Islands, n Australia | |
| C. p. halmaherae (Salomonsen, 1934) | Halmahera and Bacan (n Moluccas) | ||
| C. p. laetior (Rand, 1941) | n New Guinea | ||
| C. p. pusillus Temminck, 1836 | w Papuan islands, w, s and e New Guinea, Aru Is., Kai Is. and D'Entrecasteaux Arch. | ||
| C. p. ramsayi (North, 1912) | n Australia | ||
| C. p. halli (Mathews, 1912) | ne Australia | ||
| C. p. masauji (Mathews, 1927) | BismarckArch. | ||
| C. p. bougainvillei (Ogilvie-Grant, 1914) | Buka and Bougainville east to Choiseul, Santa Isabel and Florida Is. (n and nc Solomons Is.) | ||
| C. p. richardsi (Tristram, 1882) | Vellalavella to Vangunu (sc Solomon Is.) | ||
| C. p. aolae (Ogilvie-Grant, 1914) | Guadalcanal (se Solomon Is.) | ||
| American Pygmy Kingfisher | Chloroceryle aenea (Pallas, 1764) | LA : s Mexico to n Argentina | |
| C. a. stictoptera (Ridgway, 1884) | s Mexico to c Costa Rica | ||
| C. a. aenea (Pallas, 1764) | c Costa Rica to n Bolivia, Paraguay, sc Brazil and n Argentina | ||
| Green-and-rufous Kingfisher | Chloroceryle inda (Linnaeus, 1766) | LA : Nicaragua to n Bolivia, se Brazil | |
| Green Kingfisher | Chloroceryle americana (Gmelin, JF, 1788) | NA, LA : sw USA to n Argentina | |
| C. a. hachisukai (Laubmann, 1941) | sc USA and nw Mexico | ||
| C. a. septentrionalis (Sharpe, 1892) | sc Texas (USA) and e Mexico south to n Colombia and w Venezuela | ||
| C. a. americana (Gmelin, JF, 1788) | n South America east of the Andes, Trinidad and Tobago | ||
| C. a. mathewsii Laubmann, 1927 | s Brazil, Bolivia and n Argentina | ||
| C. a. cabanisii (Tschudi, 1846) | Colombia to Chile west of the Andes | ||
| Amazon Kingfisher | Chloroceryle amazona (Latham, 1790) | LA : c Mexico to c Argentina | |
| Crested Kingfisher | Megaceryle lugubris (Temminck, 1834) | OR, EU : ne Afghanistan to c Vietnam and Japan | |
| M. l. continentalis (Hartert, 1900) | w and c Himalayas | ||
| M. l. guttulata (Stejneger, 1892) | e Himalayas to c China and n Indochina | ||
| M. l. pallida (Momiyama, 1927) | Hokkaido I. (n Japan) and s Kuril Is. (Russia) | ||
| M. l. lugubris (Temminck, 1834) | c and s Japan | ||
| Giant Kingfisher | Megaceryle maxima (Pallas, 1769) | AF : widespread | |
| M. m. maxima (Pallas, 1769) | Senegal and Gambia to Ethiopia and south to South Africa | ||
| M. m. gigantea (Swainson, 1837) | Liberia to n Angola and w Tanzania, Bioko | ||
| Ringed Kingfisher | Megaceryle torquata (Linnaeus, 1766) | NA, LA : sw USA to Tierra del Fuego | |
| M. t. stictipennis (Lawrence, 1885) | Lesser Antilles | ||
| M. t. torquata (Linnaeus, 1766) | s Texas (USA) to n Argentina, Margarita I. and Trinidad | ||
| M. t. stellata (Meyen, 1834) | Chile and Argentina | ||
| Belted Kingfisher | Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus, 1758) | NA : widespread | |
| Pied Kingfisher | Ceryle rudis (Linnaeus, 1758) | AF, OR : widespread, also Middle East | |
| C. r. syriacus Roselaar, 1995 | Turkey to Israel east to sw Iran | ||
| C. r. rudis (Linnaeus, 1758) | Egypt and Africa south of the Sahara | ||
| C. r. leucomelanurus Reichenbach, 1851 | e Afghanistan through India to s China and n Indochina | ||
| C. r. travancoreensis Whistler & Kinnear, 1935 | sw India | ||
| C. r. insignis Hartert, 1910 | e and se China, Hainan I. | ||
Todies (5) |
Family Todidae |
||
| Cuban Tody | Todus multicolor Gould, 1837 | NA : Cuba | |
| Broad-billed Tody | Todus subulatus Gray, GR, 1847 | NA : Hispaniola | |
| Narrow-billed Tody | Todus angustirostris Lafresnaye, 1851 | NA : Hispaniola | |
| Jamaican Tody | Todus todus (Linnaeus, 1758) | NA : Jamaica | |
| Puerto Rican Tody | Todus mexicanus Lesson, 1838 | NA : Puerto Rico | |
Motmots (14) |
Family Momotidae |
||
| Tody Motmot | Hylomanes momotula Lichtenstein, 1839 | LA : s Mexico to nw Colombia | |
| H. m. chiapensis Brodkorb, 1938 | Chiapas (s Mexico) | ||
| H. m. momotula Lichtenstein, 1839 | Veracruz (s Mexico) to Honduras | ||
| H. m. obscurus Nelson, 1911 | nw Costa Rica to nw Colombia | ||
| Blue-throated Motmot | Aspatha gularis (Lafresnaye, 1840) | MA : s Mexico to Honduras | |
| Russet-crowned Motmot | Momotus mexicanus Swainson, 1827 | MA : nw Mexico to sw Guatemala | |
| M. m. vanrossemi Moore, RT, 1932 | nw Mexico | ||
| M. m. mexicanus Swainson, 1827 | nc and c Mexico | ||
| M. m. saturatus Nelson, 1897 | sw Mexico | ||
| M. m. castaneiceps Gould, 1855 | c Guatemala | ||
| Blue-crowned Motmot | Momotus coeruliceps (Gould, 1836) | MA : ne Mexico | AS : Momotus coeruliceps is one of 5 species in Blue-crowned Motmot complex recognized by Stiles 2009, SACC 412 |
| Blue-diademed Motmot | Momotus lessonii Lesson, 1842 | MA : s Mexico to w Panama | AS : Momotus lessonii is one of 5 species in Blue-crowned Motmot complex recognized by Stiles 2009, SACC 412 |
| M. l. goldmani Nelson, 1900 | se Mexico to n Guatemala | ||
| M. l. exiguus Ridgway, 1912 | Campeche and Yucatán (s Mexico) | ||
| M. l. lessonii Lesson, 1842 | Chiapas (s Mexico) to w Panama | ||
| Whooping Motmot | Momotus subrufescens Sclater, PL, 1853 | LA : c Panama, n Colombia, n Venezuela; w Ecudaor, nw Peru | AS : Momotus subrufescens is one of 5 species in Blue-crowned Motmot complex recognized by Stiles 2009, SACC 412; it includes “Silver-banded Motmot“ M.argenticinctus as a subspecies following Stiles and SACC |
| M. s. conexus Thayer & Bangs, 1906 | c Panama to nw Colombia | ||
| M. s. spatha Wetmore, 1946 | Guajira Pen. (e Colombia) | ||
| M. s. olivaresi Hernández-Camacho & Romero-Zambrano, 1978 | nc Colombia | ||
| M. s. subrufescens Sclater, PL, 1853 | n Colombia and n Venezuela | ||
| M. s. osgoodi Cory, 1913 | w Venezuela | ||
| M. s. argenticinctus Sharpe, 1892 | w Ecuador and nw Peru | ||
| Trinidad Motmot | Momotus bahamensis (Swainson, 1838) | SA : Trinidad and Tobago | AS : Momotus bahamensis is one of 5 species in Blue-crowned Motmot complex recognized by Stiles 2009, SACC 412 |
| Amazonian Motmot | Momotus momota (Linnaeus, 1766) | SA : Amazonia | ENG : Change English name of Momotus motmota to Amazonian Motmot with break up of this species complex (Stiles 2009, SACC 412) |
| M. m. momota (Linnaeus, 1766) | e Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil | ||
| M. m. microstephanus Sclater, PL, 1858 | se Colombia, e Ecuador and nw Brazil | ||
| M. m. ignobilis Berlepsch, 1889 | e Peru and w Brazil | ||
| M. m. nattereri Sclater, PL, 1858 | ne Bolivia | ||
| M. m. simplex Chapman, 1923 | w Brazil to wc Brazil (s of the Amazon) | ||
| M. m. cametensis Snethlage, E, 1912 | nc Brazil | ||
| M. m. parensis Sharpe, 1892 | ne Brazil | ||
| M. m. marcgravinianus Pinto & Camargo, 1961 | e Brazil | ||
| M. m. pilcomajensis Reichenow, 1919 | s Bolivia, s Brazil and nw Argentina | ||
| Andean Motmot | Momotus aequatorialis Gould, 1858 | SA : Andes from nc Colombia to w Bolivia | AS, ENG : M. aequatorialis is one of five species in the Momotus momota complex; includes ssp aequatorialis & chlorolaemus(Stiles 2009, SACC); CHANGE English name from Highland Motmot to Andean Motmot following SACC 412 |
| M. a. aequatorialis Gould, 1858 | wc Colombia and e Ecuador | ||
| M. a. chlorolaemus Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902 | e Peru and w Bolivia | ||
| Rufous Motmot | Baryphthengus martii (von Spix, 1824) | LA : e Honduras to sw Ecuador, w Amazonia | |
| B. m. semirufus (Sclater, PL, 1853) | e Honduras to nw Colombia and w Ecuador | ||
| B. m. martii (von Spix, 1824) | w Amazonia | ||
| Rufous-capped Motmot | Baryphthengus ruficapillus (Vieillot, 1818) | SA : e, se | |
| Keel-billed Motmot | Electron carinatum (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847) | MA : s Mexico to n Costa Rica | |
| Broad-billed Motmot | Electron platyrhynchum (Leadbeater, 1829) | LA : e Honduras to sw Ecuador, w Amazonia | |
| E. p. minus (Hartert, 1898) | e Honduras to n Colombia | ||
| E. p. platyrhynchum (Leadbeater, 1829) | nw Colombia to sw Ecuador | ||
| E. p. colombianum Meyer de Schauensee, 1950 | n Colombia | ||
| E. p. pyrrholaemum (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902) | e Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru and n Bolivia | ||
| E. p. orienticola Oberholser, 1920 | w Brazil | ||
| E. p. chlorophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1931 | c Brazil | ||
| Turquoise-browed Motmot | Eumomota superciliosa (Sandbach, 1837) | MA : se Mexico, s Mexico to nw Costa Rica | |
| E. s. bipartita Ridgway, 1912 | s Mexico to w Guatemala | ||
| E. s. superciliosa (Sandbach, 1837) | se Mexico | ||
| E. s. vanrossemi Griscom, 1929 | c Guatemala | ||
| E. s. sylvestris Carriker & Meyer de Schauensee, 1935 | e Guatemala | ||
| E. s. apiaster (Lesson, 1842) | El Salvador, w Honduras and nw Nicaragua | ||
| E. s. euroaustris Griscom, 1929 | n Honduras | ||
| E. s. australis Bangs, 1906 | sw Nicaragua and nw Costa Rica | ||
Bee-eaters (27) |
Family Meropidae |
||
| Red-bearded Bee-eater | Nyctyornis amictus (Temminck, 1824) | OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo | |
| Blue-bearded Bee-eater | Nyctyornis athertoni (Jardine & Selby, 1828) | OR : widespread | |
| N. a. athertoni (Jardine & Selby, 1828) | India to Indochina and n Malay Pen. | ||
| N. a. brevicaudatus (Koelz, 1939) | Hainan I. (off se China) | ||
| Purple-bearded Bee-eater | Meropogon forsteni Bonaparte, 1850 | AU : Sulawesi | |
| Black-headed Bee-eater | Merops breweri (Cassin, 1859) | AF : c, wc | |
| Blue-headed Bee-eater | Merops muelleri (Cassin, 1857) | AF : s Cameroon to w Kenya | |
| Blue-moustached Bee-eater | Merops mentalis Cabanis, 1889 | AF : Mali and Sierra Leone to w Cameroon and Bioko I | AS : Blue-moustached Bee-eater is split from Blue-headed Bee-eater (Marks et al 2007, BLI 4) |
| Black Bee-eater | Merops gularis Shaw, 1798 | AF : c, w | |
| M. g. gularis Shaw, 1798 | Sierra Leone to s Nigeria | ||
| M. g. australis (Reichenow, 1885) | se Nigeria to w Uganda and n Angola | ||
| Swallow-tailed Bee-eater | Merops hirundineus Lichtenstein, AAH, 1793 | AF : widespread | |
| M. h. chrysolaimus Jardine & Selby, 1830 | Senegal to Central African Republic | ||
| M. h. heuglini (Neumann, 1906) | ne DR Congo, n Uganda, s Sudan and sw Ethiopia | ||
| M. h. furcatus Stanley, 1814 | se DR Congo and Tanzania south to Zimbabwe and Mozambique | ||
| M. h. hirundineus Lichtenstein, AAH, 1793 | Angola through Namibia and Botswana to n South Africa | ||
| Little Bee-eater | Merops pusillus Statius Müller, 1776 | AF : widespread | |
| M. p. pusillus Statius Müller, 1776 | Senegal and Gambia to sw Sudan and n DR Congo | ||
| M. p. ocularis (Reichenow, 1900) | e DR Congo, n Uganda and c Sudan to the Red Sea coast | ||
| M. p. cyanostictus Cabanis, 1869 | e Ethiopia, w Somalia and e Kenya | ||
| M. p. meridionalis (Sharpe, 1892) | s and e DR Congo to w Kenya south to c Angola, Zimbabwe and South Africa | ||
| M. p. argutus Clancey, 1967 | sw Angola, Botswana and sw Zambia | ||
| Blue-breasted Bee-eater | Merops variegatus Vieillot, 1817 | AF : ne, c, wc | |
| M. v. lafresnayii Guérin-Méneville, 1843 | Ethiopia and se Sudan | ||
| M. v. loringi (Mearns, 1915) | se Nigeria and Cameroon to Uganda and w Kenya | ||
| M. v. variegatus Vieillot, 1817 | Gabon to c DR Congo and n Angola | ||
| M. v. bangweoloensis (Grant, 1915) | e Angola to se DR Congo, Zambia and w Tanzania | ||
| Cinnamon-chested Bee-eater | Merops oreobates (Sharpe, 1892) | AF : ec | PL : Turner (2010) suggests that Cinnamon-breasted Bee-eater is best treated as a subspecies of Blue-breasted Bee-eater |
| Red-throated Bee-eater | Merops bulocki Vieillot, 1817 | AF : ec, c, w | |
| M. b. bulocki Vieillot, 1817 | Senegal and Gambia to Central African Republic | ||
| M. b. frenatus Hartlaub, 1854 | s Sudan and w Ethiopia to ne DR Congo and n Uganda | ||
| White-fronted Bee-eater | Merops bullockoides Smith, A, 1834 | AF : sc, se | |
| Somali Bee-eater | Merops revoilii Oustalet, 1882 | AF : e | |
| White-throated Bee-eater | Merops albicollis Vieillot, 1817 | AF : ne, c, w | |
| Böhm's Bee-eater | Merops boehmi Reichenow, 1882 | AF : se | |
| Green Bee-eater | Merops orientalis Latham, 1802 | AF, EU, OR : w AF to Arabian Peninsula to Southeast Asia | |
| M. o. viridissimus Swainson, 1837 | Senegal to n and c Ethiopia | ||
| M. o. cleopatra Nicoll, 1910 | Nile Valley (Egypt) to n Sudan | ||
| M. o. cyanophrys (Cabanis & Heine, 1860) | s Israel, w and s Arabia | ||
| M. o. muscatensis Sharpe, 1886 | c and e Arabia | ||
| M. o. beludschicus Neumann, 1910 | s Iraq to nw India | ||
| M. o. orientalis Latham, 1802 | w India east to Bangladesh | ||
| M. o. ceylonicus Whistler, 1944 | Sri Lanka | ||
| M. o. ferrugeiceps Anderson, 1879 | ne India to sc China and Indochina | ||
| Blue-cheeked Bee-eater | Merops persicus Pallas, 1773 | EU : sw, nw AF | |
| M. p. persicus Pallas, 1773 | Egypt and the Middle East to Kazakhstan and w India | ||
| M. p. chrysocercus Cabanis & Heine, 1860 | nw Africa | ||
| Olive Bee-eater | Merops superciliosus Linnaeus, 1766 | AF : Ethiopia to Namibia, Madagascar | |
| M. s. superciliosus Linnaeus, 1766 | e Africa, Madagascar and the Comoro Is. | ||
| M. s. alternans Clancey, 1971 | w Angola and nw Namibia | ||
| Blue-tailed Bee-eater | Merops philippinus Linnaeus, 1767 | OR : widespread | |
| M. p. javanicus Horsfield, 1821 | India and Sri Lanka to s China and Indochina | ||
| M. p. philippinus Linnaeus, 1767 | Philippines | ||
| M. p. celebensis Blasius, W, 1885 | Sulawesi and Flores (Lesser Sundas) | ||
| M. p. salvadorii Meyer, AB, 1891 | New Guinea and New Britain | ||
| Rainbow Bee-eater | Merops ornatus Latham, 1802 | AU : Australia | |
| Blue-throated Bee-eater | Merops viridis Linnaeus, 1758 | OR : s China to Java and Philippines | |
| M. v. viridis Linnaeus, 1758 | s China to Indochina and the Greater Sundas | ||
| M. v. americanus Statius Müller, 1776 | Philippines | ||
| Chestnut-headed Bee-eater | Merops leschenaulti Vieillot, 1817 | OR : widespread | |
| M. l. leschenaulti Vieillot, 1817 | India and Sri Lanka to sc China, Indochina and Malay Pen. | ||
| M. l. quinticolor Vieillot, 1817 | Sumatra, Java and Bali | ||
| M. l. andamanensis Marien, 1950 | Andaman Is. | ||
| European Bee-eater | Merops apiaster Linnaeus, 1758 | EU : sw, also nw & s AF | |
| Rosy Bee-eater | Merops malimbicus Shaw, 1806 | AF : wc, w | |
| Northern Carmine Bee-eater | Merops nubicus Gmelin, JF, 1788 | AF : e, c, w | |
| Southern Carmine Bee-eater | Merops nubicoides Des Murs & Pucheran, 1846 | AF : sc, se | |
ORDER BUCEROTIFORMES |
PHY : Separation of the hoopoes and hornbills as the Order Bucerotiformes maintains monophyly of the Coraciiformes without submerging the Piciformes and Trogoniformes into the Coraciiformes (Hackett et al. 2008). | ||
Hoopoes (4) |
Family Upupidae |
PHY : The hoopoes (Upupidae) and wood hoopoes (Phoeniculidae) are sister taxa related in turn to the hornbills (Hackett et al. 2008) | |
| Eurasian Hoopoe | Upupa epops Linnaeus, 1758 | EU, OR : widespread | |
| U. e. epops Linnaeus, 1758 | nw Africa and Europe e to sc Russia, nw China and nw India. | ||
| U. e. ceylonensis Reichenbach, 1853 | c and s India, Sri Lanka | ||
| U. e. longirostris Jerdon, 1862 | ne India to s China, Indochina and n Malay Pen. | ||
| U. e. major Brehm, CL, 1855 | Egypt | ||
| U. e. senegalensis Swainson, 1837 | Senegal and Gambia to Somalia | ||
| U. e. waibeli Reichenow, 1913 | Cameroon to nw Kenya and n Uganda | ||
| African Hoopoe | Upupa africana Bechstein, 1811 | AF : widespread | |
| Madagascar Hoopoe | Upupa marginata Cabanis & Heine, 1860 | AF : Madagascar | |
| St. Helena Hoopoe | Upupa antaios † Olson, 1975 | AO : St. Helena I. | EXTINCT : Olson, 1975 |
Wood Hoopoes (9) |
Family Phoeniculidae |
PHY : The hoopoes (Upupidae) and wood hoopoes (Phoeniculidae) are sister taxa related in turn to the hornbills (Hackett et al. 2008) | |
| Forest Wood Hoopoe | Phoeniculus castaneiceps (Sharpe, 1871) | AF : w, c | |
| P. c. castaneiceps (Sharpe, 1871) | Liberia to Nigeria | ||
| P. c. brunneiceps (Sharpe, 1903) | Cameroon to DR Congo and Uganda | ||
| White-headed Wood Hoopoe | Phoeniculus bollei (Hartlaub, 1858) | AF : w, c | |
| P. b. bollei (Hartlaub, 1858) | Liberia to Central African Republic | ||
| P. b. jacksoni (Sharpe, 1890) | e DR Congo to s Sudan and c Kenya | ||
| P. b. okuensis Serle, 1949 | s Cameroon | ||
| Green Wood Hoopoe | Phoeniculus purpureus (Miller, JF, 1784) | AF : widespread | |
| P. p. senegalensis (Vieillot, 1822) | s Senegal to s Ghana | ||
| P. p. guineensis (Reichenow, 1902) | n Senegal and Gambia to Chad and Central African Republic | ||
| P. p. niloticus (Neumann, 1903) | Sudan to w Ethiopia and ne DR Congo | ||
| P. p. marwitzi (Reichenow, 1906) | e Uganda and Kenya to e South Africa | ||
| P. p. angolensis (Reichenow, 1902) | Angola and w Zambia to ne Namibia and n Botswana | ||
| P. p. purpureus (Miller, JF, 1784) | c and sw South Africa | ||
| Black-billed Wood Hoopoe | Phoeniculus somaliensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1901) | AF : e | |
| P. s. abyssinicus (Neumann, 1903) | n Ethiopia and Eritrea | ||
| P. s. somaliensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1901) | se Ethiopia, sw Somalia and ne Kenya | ||
| P. s. neglectus (Neumann, 1905) | c and sw Ethiopia | ||
| Violet Wood Hoopoe | Phoeniculus damarensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1901) | AF : sw | |
| Grant's Wood Hoopoe | Phoeniculus granti (Neumann, 1903) | AF : e | |
| Black Scimitarbill | Rhinopomastus aterrimus (Stephens, 1826) | AF : e, c, w, sw | |
| R. a. aterrimus (Stephens, 1826) | Senegal and Gambia to w Sudan | ||
| R. a. emini (Neumann, 1905) | c Sudan to ne DR Congo and Uganda | ||
| R. a. notatus (Salvin, 1892) | Ethiopia | ||
| R. a. anchietae (Barboza du Bocage, 1892) | sw DR Congo, Angola and w Zambia | ||
| Common Scimitarbill | Rhinopomastus cyanomelas (Vieillot, 1819) | AF : s, se | |
| R. c. schalowi Neumann, 1900 | s Somalia to Zambia, e South Africa and Mozambique | ||
| R. c. cyanomelas (Vieillot, 1819) | sw Angola, Namibia, Botswana and nc South Africa | ||
| Abyssinian Scimitarbill | Rhinopomastus minor (Rüppell, 1845) | AF : e | |
| R. m. minor (Rüppell, 1845) | Ethiopia, Somalia and ne Kenya | ||
| R. m. cabanisi (de Filippi, 1853) | s Sudan, sw Ethiopia and n Kenya to n Tanzania | ||
Hornbills (59) |
Family Bucerotidae |
PHY : The hornbills (Bucerotidae) and ground hornbills (Bucorvidae) are sister taxa related in turn to the hoopoes and wood hoopoes (Hackett et al. 2008) | |
| Tickell's Brown Hornbill | Anorrhinus tickelli (Blyth, 1855) | OR : s Burma, sw Thailand | ENG : Change English name of Anorrhinus tickelli to Tickell‘s Brown Hornbill (BLI) with split of A.austeni. |
| Austen's Brown Hornbill | Anorrhinus austeni Jerdon, 1872 | OR : Assam to sw China and Indochina. | AS : Anorrhinus austeni is split from A.tickelli (Kemp 1995, Rasmussen & Anderton 2005); BLI recognizes |
| Bushy-crested Hornbill | Anorrhinus galeritus (Temminck, 1831) | OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo | |
| Crowned Hornbill | Tockus alboterminatus (Büttikofer, 1889) | AF : e, sc, se | |
| T. a. alboterminatus (Büttikofer, 1889) | w Angola | ||
| T. a. geloensis (Neumann, 1905) | sw Ethiopia to w Kenya south to n Angola and n Zambia | ||
| T. a. suahelicus (Neumann, 1905) | s Somalia and e Kenya to e South Africa | ||
| Bradfield's Hornbill | Tockus bradfieldi (Roberts, 1930) | AF : sc | |
| African Pied Hornbill | Tockus fasciatus (Shaw, 1812) | AF : c, w | |
| T. f. semifasciatus (Hartlaub, 1855) | Senegal and Gambia to s Nigeria | ||
| T. f. fasciatus (Shaw, 1812) | se Nigeria to n Angola and Uganda | ||
| Hemprich's Hornbill | Tockus hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1833) | AF : e | |
| Pale-billed Hornbill | Tockus pallidirostris (Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870) | AF : sc, se | |
| T. p. pallidirostris (Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870) | Angola, s DR Congo and Zambia (except extreme e) | ||
| T. p. neumanni (Reichenow, 1894) | e Zambia to s Tanzania and n Mozambique | ||
| African Grey Hornbill | Tockus nasutus (Linnaeus, 1766) | AF : widespread | |
| T. n. nasutus (Linnaeus, 1766) | Senegal and Gambia to Ethiopia and c Kenya, sw Arabia | ||
| T. n. epirhinus (Sundevall, 1850) | s Uganda and s Kenya to n South Africa | ||
| Monteiro's Hornbill | Tockus monteiri Hartlaub, 1865 | AF : sw | |
| Northern Red-billed Hornbill | Tockus erythrorhynchus (Temminck, 1823) | AF : s Mauritania through Somalia to ne Tanzania | ENG : Change English name of Tockus erythrorhynchus to Northern Red-billed Hornbill with multiple splits |
| Damara Red-billed Hornbill | Tockus damarensis (Shelley, 1888) | AF : sw Angola, n Namibia, w Botswana. | AS : Tockus damarensis is split from T.erythrorhynchus (Kemp & Delport 2002) |
| Southern Red-billed Hornbill | Tockus rufirostris (Sundevall, 1850) | AF : Malawi and Zambia to s Angola and Transvaal. | AS : Tockus rufirostris is split from T.erythrorhynchus ( Kemp & Delport 2002, cf Chittenden 2007) |
| Tanzanian Red-billed Hornbill | Tockus ruahae Kemp & Delport, 2002 | AF : c Tanzania | AS : Tockus ruahae is a new taxon recognized in the Red-billed Hornbill complex (Kemp & Delport 2002, Tréca & Érard 2000) |
| Western Red-billed Hornbill | Tockus kempi Tréca & Érard, 2000 | AF : Senegal and Gambia to s Mauritania and w Mali. | AS : Tockus damarensis is a new taxon recognized in the Red-billed Hornbill complex (Kemp & Delport 2002) |
| Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill | Tockus leucomelas (Lichtenstein, 1842) | AF : s | |
| T. l. elegans Hartlaub, 1865 | sw Angola | ||
| T. l. leucomelas (Lichtenstein, 1842) | Namibia to w Mozambique and n South Africa | ||
| Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill | Tockus flavirostris (Rüppell, 1835) | AF : e | ENG : CHANGE English name of Northern Yellow-billed Hornbill to Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill to be consistent with other world lists |
| Von der Decken's Hornbill | Tockus deckeni (Cabanis, 1868) | AF : e | |
| Jackson's Hornbill | Tockus jacksoni (Ogilvie-Grant, 1891) | AF : e | |
| Black Dwarf Hornbill | Tockus hartlaubi Gould, 1861 | AF : c, w | |
| T. h. hartlaubi Gould, 1861 | Guinea and Sierra Leone to Gabon and Congo | ||
| T. h. granti (Hartert, 1895) | DR Congo and ec Congo to w Uganda | ||
| Red-billed Dwarf Hornbill | Tockus camurus Cassin, 1857 | AF : c, w | |
| White-crested Hornbill | Tropicranus albocristatus (Cassin, 1848) | AF : c, w | |
| T. a. albocristatus (Cassin, 1848) | Guinea to Ivory Coast | ||
| T. a. macrourus (Bonaparte, 1850) | Ivory Coast to Benin | ||
| T. a. cassini (Finsch, 1903) | Nigeria to n Angola and w Uganda | ||
| Malabar Grey Hornbill | Ocyceros griseus (Latham, 1790) | OR : sw India | |
| Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill | Ocyceros gingalensis (Shaw, 1812) | OR : Sri Lanka | |
| Indian Grey Hornbill | Ocyceros birostris (Scopoli, 1786) | OR : India, Nepal | |
| Malabar Pied Hornbill | Anthracoceros coronatus (Boddaert, 1783) | OR : India, Sri Lanka | |
| Oriental Pied Hornbill | Anthracoceros albirostris (Shaw, 1808) | OR : widespread | |
| A. a. albirostris (Shaw, 1808) | India to s China, Indochina and n Malay Pen. | ||
| A. a. convexus (Temminck, 1832) | s Malay Pen., Greater Sundas, and nearby islands | ||
| Palawan Hornbill | Anthracoceros marchei Oustalet, 1885 | OR : Philippines | |
| Black Hornbill | Anthracoceros malayanus (Raffles, 1822) | OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo | |
| Sulu Hornbill | Anthracoceros montani (Oustalet, 1880) | OR : Sulu Archipelago | |
| Great Hornbill | Buceros bicornis Linnaeus, 1758 | OR : w India, Himalayas to Sumatra | |
| Rhinoceros Hornbill | Buceros rhinoceros Linnaeus, 1758 | OR : Malay Peninsula, Greater Sundas | |
| B. r. borneoensis Schlegel & Müller, S, 1840 | Borneo | ||
| B. r. rhinoceros Linnaeus, 1758 | s Malay Pen. and Sumatra | ||
| B. r. silvestris Vieillot, 1816 | Java | ||
| Rufous Hornbill | Buceros hydrocorax Linnaeus, 1766 | OR : Philippines | |
| B. h. hydrocorax Linnaeus, 1766 | Luzon and Marinduque (n Philippines) | ||
| B. h. semigaleatus Tweeddale, 1878 | c Philippines | ||
| B. h. mindanensis Tweeddale, 1877 | s Philippines | ||
| Helmeted Hornbill | Rhinoplax vigil (Forster, JR, 1781) | OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo | |
| Sulawesi Hornbill | Penelopides exarhatus (Temminck, 1823) | AU : Sulawesi | |
| P. e. exarhatus (Temminck, 1823) | n Sulawesi | ||
| P. e. sanfordi (Stresemann, 1932) | c, s and e Sulawesi and nearby islands | ||
| Visayan Hornbill | Penelopides panini (Boddaert, 1783) | OR : Philippines | ENG : Revise English name of Penelopides panini to avoid confusion since all members of the genus have been called "Tarictic" Hornbills; geographical name conforms to other species. |
| P. p. ticaensis Hachisuka, 1930 | Ticao I. (nc Philippines) | ||
| P. p. panini (Boddaert, 1783) | Masbate, Panay, Sicogon, Pan de Azucar, Guimaras and Negros (c Philippines) | ||
| Luzon Hornbill | Penelopides manillae (Boddaert, 1783) | OR : n Philippines | AS : Penelopides manillae is split from P.panini (Kemp 1995, Inskipp et al. 1996, cf Dickinson 2003); BLI recognizes |
| P. m. manillae (Boddaert, 1783) | Luzon, Marinduque, Catanduanes and adjacent islets | ||
| P. m. subniger McGregor, 1910 | Polillo and Patnanongan Is. | ||
| Mindoro Hornbill | Penelopides mindorensis Steere, 1890 | OR : Mindoro, Philippines | AS : Penelopides mindorensis is split from P.panini (Kemp 1995, Inskipp et al. 1996, cf Dickinson 2003); BLI recognizes |
| Mindanao Hornbill | Penelopides affinis Tweeddale, 1877 | OR : s Philippines | AS : Penelopides affinis is split from P.panini (Kemp 1995, Inskipp et al. 1996, cf Dickinson 2003); BLI recognizes |
| P. a. affinis Tweeddale, 1877 | Mindanao, Dinagat and Siargao | ||
| P. a. basilanicus Steere, 1890 | Basilan | ||
| Samar Hornbill | Penelopides samarensis Steere, 1890 | OR : c Philippines | AS : Penelopides samarensis is split from P.panini (Kemp 1995, cf Inskipp et al. 1996, Dickinson 2003). |
| White-crowned Hornbill | Berenicornis comatus (Raffles, 1822) | OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo | |
| Rufous-necked Hornbill | Aceros nipalensis (Hodgson, 1829) | OR : ne India to w Thailand and nw Vietnam | |
| Knobbed Hornbill | Aceros cassidix (Temminck, 1823) | AU : Sulawesi | |
| Wrinkled Hornbill | Aceros corrugatus (Temminck, 1832) | OR : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo | |
| A. c. rugosus (Begbie, 1834) | Malay Pen. and Sumatra | ||
| A. c. corrugatus (Temminck, 1832) | Borneo | ||
| Walden's Hornbill | Aceros waldeni (Sharpe, 1877) | OR : Philippines | |
| Writhed Hornbill | Aceros leucocephalus (Vieillot, 1816) | OR : Philippines | |
| Blyth's Hornbill | Rhyticeros plicatus (Forster, JR, 1781) | AU : Moluccas to Solomon Islands | |
| R. p. plicatus (Forster, JR, 1781) | s Moluccas | ||
| R. p. ruficollis (Vieillot, 1816) | n Moluccas, w Papuan islands and w New Guinea | ||
| R. p. jungei Mayr, 1937 | New Guinea (except w) and nearby islands | ||
| R. p. dampieri Mayr, 1934 | Bismarck Arch. | ||
| R. p. harterti Mayr, 1934 | n Solomon Is. | ||
| R. p. mendanae Hartert, 1924 | c and s Solomon Is. | ||
| Narcondam Hornbill | Rhyticeros narcondami Hume, 1873 | OR : Andaman Islands | |
| Plain-pouched Hornbill | Rhyticeros subruficollis (Blyth, 1843) | OR : Burma to Malay Peninsula | |
| Wreathed Hornbill | Rhyticeros undulatus (Shaw, 1812) | OR : ne India to Borneo and Java | |
| R. u. undulatus (Shaw, 1812) | Bhutan and ne India to Indochina and Malay Pen., Sumatra, Java and Bali | ||
| R. u. aequabilis Sanft, 1960 | Borneo | ||
| Sumba Hornbill | Rhyticeros everetti Rothschild, 1897 | AU : Lesser Sundas | |
| Piping Hornbill | Bycanistes fistulator (Cassin, 1850) | AF : w, c | |
| B. f. fistulator (Cassin, 1850) | Senegal and Gambia to w Nigeria | ||
| B. f. sharpii (Elliot, 1873) | se Nigeria to n Angola | ||
| B. f. duboisi Sclater, WL, 1922 | Central African Republic to c and e DR Congo and w Uganda | ||
| Trumpeter Hornbill | Bycanistes bucinator (Temminck, 1824) | AF : sc, se | |
| Brown-cheeked Hornbill | Bycanistes cylindricus (Temminck, 1831) | AF : w | |
| White-thighed Hornbill | Bycanistes albotibialis (Cabanis & Reichenow, 1877) | AF : c | |
| Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill | Bycanistes subcylindricus (Sclater, PL, 1871) | AF : c, w | |
| B. s. subcylindricus (Sclater, PL, 1871) | Sierra Leone to w Nigeria | ||
| B. s. subquadratus Cabanis & Schutt, 1880 | e Nigeria to w Kenyam nw Tanzania and e DR Congo, also n Angola | ||
| Silvery-cheeked Hornbill | Bycanistes brevis Friedmann, 1929 | AF : e, se | |
| Black-casqued Wattled Hornbill | Ceratogymna atrata (Temminck, 1835) | AF : c, w | |
| Yellow-casqued Wattled Hornbill | Ceratogymna elata (Temminck, 1831) | AF : w | |
Ground Hornbills (2) |
Family Bucorvidae |
PHY : The hornbills (Bucerotidae) and ground hornbills (Bucorvidae) are sister taxa related in turn to the hoopoes and wood hoopoes (Hackett et al. 2008) | |
| Abyssinian Ground Hornbill | Bucorvus abyssinicus (Boddaert, 1783) | AF : e, c, w | |
| Southern Ground Hornbill | Bucorvus leadbeateri (Vigors, 1825) | AF : e, se, sc |