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NAMES >> Index >>Finches, NW warblers & orioles

IOC English NameScientific NameRangeComments
       
 
ORDER PASSERIFORMES
  PHY : The Passeriformes, or perching birds, include the majority of world bird species; parrots are the sister group of the perching birds (Hackett et al. 2008)
       
Przevalski's Finch (1)
Family Urocynchramidae
   
Przevalski's Finch Urocynchramus pylzowi  Przewalski, 1876 OR : Tibet to c China PHY, ENG : Przevalski‘s Finch, previously called Pink-tailed Rosefinch, is a relict member of an ancient separate lineage that is as old as, or older than other families of finches; it belongs in its own monotypic family Urocynchramidae, with a name change (Groth 2000)
       
Finches (218)
Family Fringillidae
  TAX, PHY : Classification of Fringillidae revised for v3.3; see especially Zuccon et al 2012 
Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs  Linnaeus, 1758 EU : c, w, also n Africa and Canary Islands  
        F. c. gengleri  Kleinschmidt, O, 1909 British Isles  
        F. c. coelebs  Linnaeus, 1758 Europe (except British Isles, sw and se) to c Asia  
        F. c. solomkoi  Menzbier & Sushkin, 1913 Crimea and sw Caucasus  
        F. c. balearica  von Jordans, 1923 Iberia and Balearic Is.  
        F. c. tyrrhenica  Schiebel, 1910 Corsica  
        F. c. sarda  Rapine, 1925 Sardinia  
        F. c. schiebeli  Stresemann, 1925 s Greece, Crete and w Turkey  
        F. c. syriaca  Harrison, JM, 1945 Cyprus, se Turkey to n Iraq and Jordan  
        F. c. caucasica  Serebrovski, 1925 Balkans and n Greece to n Turkey, c and e Caucasus and nw Iran  
        F. c. alexandrovi  Zarudny, 1916 n Iran  
        F. c. transcaspia  Zarudny, 1916 ne Iran and sw Turkmenistan  
        F. c. africana  Levaillant, J, 1850 Morocco to nw Tunesia, ne Libya  
        F. c. spodiogenys  Bonaparte, 1841 e Tunesia and nw Libya  
        F. c. moreletti  Pucheran, 1859 Azore Is.  
        F. c. maderensis  Sharpe, 1888 Madeira  
        F. c. canariensis  Vieillot, 1817 c Canary Is.  
        F. c. ombriosa  Hartert, 1913 Hierro I. (sw Canary Is.)  
        F. c. palmae  Tristram, 1889 La Palma I. (nw Canary I.)  
Blue Chaffinch Fringilla teydea  Webb, Berthelot & Moquin-Tandon, 1836 AF : Canary Islands  
        F. t. teydea  Webb, Berthelot & Moquin-Tandon, 1836 Tenerife I.  
        F. t. polatzeki  Hartert, 1905 Gran Canaria I.  
Brambling Fringilla montifringilla  Linnaeus, 1758 EU : widespread, also n Africa  
Black-and-yellow Grosbeak Mycerobas icterioides  (Vigors, 1830) OR : Himalayas  
Collared Grosbeak Mycerobas affinis  (Blyth, 1855) OR : Himalayas  
Spot-winged Grosbeak Mycerobas melanozanthos  (Hodgson, 1836) OR : ne Pakistan to n Vietnam  
White-winged Grosbeak Mycerobas carnipes  (Hodgson, 1836) EU : c, sc  
        M. c. speculigerus  (Brandt, JF, 1841) n Iran and s Turkmenistan to w Pakistan  
        M. c. merzbacheri  Schalow, 1908 e Kazakhstan and nw China  
        M. c. carnipes  (Hodgson, 1836) ne Afghanistan through the Himalayas to c China and n Burma  
Evening Grosbeak Hesperiphona vespertina  (Cooper, W, 1825) NA, MA : Canada to sw Mexico  
        H. v. vespertina  (Cooper, W, 1825) c and e Canada and ne USA  
        H. v. brooksi  Grinnell, 1917 w Canada and nw USA  
        H. v. montana  Ridgway, 1874 sw USA to sw Mexico  
Hooded Grosbeak Hesperiphona abeillei  (Lesson, 1839) MA : Mexico and Guatemala  
        H. a. pallida  Nelson, 1928 nw Mexico  
        H. a. saturata  Sutton & Burleigh, 1939 ne Mexico  
        H. a. abeillei  (Lesson, 1839) c and sc Mexico  
        H. a. cobanensis  Nelson, 1928 s Mexico and Guatemala  
Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : widespread, also n Africa  
        C. c. coccothraustes  (Linnaeus, 1758) Europe to c Siberia and n Mongolia  
        C. c. buvryi  Cabanis, 1862 nw Africa  
        C. c. nigricans  Buturlin, 1908 s Ukraine, the Caucasus, ne Turkey and n Iran  
        C. c. humii  Sharpe, 1886 s Kazakhstan and e Uzbekistan to ne Afghanistan  
        C. c. schulpini  Johansen, H, 1944 se Siberia, ne China and Korea  
        C. c. japonicus  Temminck & Schlegel, 1848 Kamchatka Pen., Sakhalin and Kuril Is. and Japan  
Chinese Grosbeak Eophona migratoria  Hartert, 1903 EU : e ENG : Change English name of Eophona migratoria from Yellow-billed Grosbeak to Chinese Grosbeak
        E. m. migratoria  Hartert, 1903 se Siberia, ne China and Korea  
        E. m. sowerbyi  Riley, 1915 c and ec China  
Japanese Grosbeak Eophona personata  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848) EU : e  
        E. p. personata  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848) n and c Japan  
        E. p. magnirostris  Hartert, 1896 se Siberia, ne China and Korea  
Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU, NA : n  
        P. e. enucleator  (Linnaeus, 1758) Scandinavia to c Siberia  
        P. e. kamtschatkensis  (Dybowski, 1883) ne Siberia  
        P. e. sakhalinensis  Buturlin, 1915 Sakhalin and Kuril Is., n Japan  
        P. e. alascensis  Ridgway, 1898 inland Alaska, wc Canada and nw USA  
        P. e. flammula  Homeyer, 1880 coastal s Alaska and w Canada  
        P. e. carlottae  Brooks, AC, 1922 Queen Charlotte Is. (off w Canada)  
        P. e. montana  Ridgway, 1898 inland sw Canada to wc USA  
        P. e. californica  Price, 1897 e California  
        P. e. leucura  (Statius Müller, 1776) c and e Canada  
        P. e. eschatosa  Oberholser, 1914 se Canada and ne USA  
Brown Bullfinch Pyrrhula nipalensis  Hodgson, 1836 OR : Himalayas to se China and Taiwan, w Malaysia  
        P. n. nipalensis  Hodgson, 1836 Himalayas to ne India  
        P. n. ricketti  La Touche, 1905 ne India and n Burma to se China and nw Vietnam  
        P. n. victoriae  Rippon, 1906 w Burma  
        P. n. waterstradti  Hartert, 1902 Malay Pen.  
        P. n. uchidai  Kuroda, 1916 Taiwan  
Orange Bullfinch Pyrrhula aurantiaca  Gould, 1858 OR : Himalayas  
Red-headed Bullfinch Pyrrhula erythrocephala  Vigors, 1832 OR : Himalayas  
Grey-headed Bullfinch Pyrrhula erythaca  Blyth, 1862 OR : Himalayas to c China, Taiwan  
        P. e. erythaca  Blyth, 1862 e Himalayas to c and ne China  
        P. e. owstoni  Rothschild & Hartert, 1907 Taiwan  
White-cheeked Bullfinch Pyrrhula leucogenis  Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 OR : Philippines  
        P. l. leucogenis  Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 Luzon (n Philippines)  
        P. l. steerei  Mearns, 1909 Mindanao (s Philippines)  
Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : widespread  
        P. p. pileata  MacGillivray, W, 1837 British Isles  
        P. p. pyrrhula  (Linnaeus, 1758) n, sc and e Europe to c Siberia  
        P. p. europoea  Vieillot, 1816 w Europe  
        P. p. iberiae  Voous, 1951 sw France, n Iberian Pen.  
        P. p. paphlagoniae  Roselaar, 1995 nw Turkey  
        P. p. rossikowi  Derjugin & Bianchi, 1901 ne Turkey and the Caucasus  
        P. p. cineracea  Cabanis, 1872 w Siberia and ne Kazakhstan to e Siberia and ne China  
        P. p. caspica  Witherby, 1908 Azerbaijan and n Iran  
        P. p. cassinii  Baird, SF, 1869 e Siberia  
        P. p. griseiventris  Lafresnaye, 1841 Kuril Is. and n Japan  
        P. p. rosacea  Seebohm, 1882 Sakhalin I.  
Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina  Godman, 1866 AO : Azores AS : Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina is sister to ssp of Eurasian Bullfinch P. pyrrhula (Töpfer et al 2010, Sangster et al 2011)
Eurasian Crimson-winged Finch Rhodopechys sanguineus  (Gould, 1838) EU : sc ENG : Change English name of Rhodopechys sanguineus to Eurasian Crimson-winged Finch with split of R.alienus
African Crimson-winged Finch Rhodopechys alienus  Whitaker, 1897 AF : Morocco, Algeria AS : Rhodopechys alienus is split from R.sanguineus (Kirwan et al. 2006)
Trumpeter Finch Bucanetes githagineus  (Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823) EU : sc, also n Africa  
        B. g. amantum  (Hartert, 1903) c and e Canary Is.  
        B. g. zedlitzi  (Neumann, 1907) s Spain, nw and nc Africa  
        B. g. githagineus  (Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823) Egypt, nc and ne Sudan  
        B. g. crassirostris  (Blyth, 1847) Middle East to Pakistan and nw India  
Mongolian Finch Bucanetes mongolicus  (Swinhoe, 1870) EU : sc TAX : STET Mongolian Finch in Bucanetes (Zuccon et al 2012, cf Kirwan & Gregory 2005, BLI, HBW)
Blanford's Rosefinch Agraphospiza rubescens  (Blanford, 1872) OR : Himalayas to wc China TAX, PHY : Previously Carpodacus Blanford‘s Rosefinch is assigned to the genus Agrapospiza (Zuccon et al 2012)
Spectacled Finch Callacanthis burtoni  (Gould, 1838) OR : Himalayas  
Golden-naped Finch Pyrrhoplectes epauletta  (Hodgson, 1836) OR : Himalayas  
Dark-breasted Rosefinch Procarduelis nipalensis  (Hodgson, 1836) OR : Himalayas to wc China and ne Burma  TAX, PHY : Previously Carpodacus, Dark-breasted Rosefinch is assigned to Procarduelis (Zuccon et al 2012)
        P. n. kangrae  Whistler, 1939 w Himalayas  
        P. n. nipalensis  (Hodgson, 1836) c and e Himalayas to c China, ne Burma and nw Vietnam  
Plain Mountain Finch Leucosticte nemoricola  (Hodgson, 1836) OR : c Asia  
        L. n. altaica  (Eversmann, 1848) ne Afghanistan to e Kazakhstan and east to s Siberia, w Mongolia, nw China and nw Himalayas  
        L. n. nemoricola  (Hodgson, 1836) c Tibet and c Himalayas to c China  
Brandt's Mountain Finch Leucosticte brandti  Bonaparte, 1850 OR : Himalayas  
        L. b. margaritacea  (Madarász, 1904) ne Kazakhstan, s Siberia and nw China  
        L. b. brandti  Bonaparte, 1850 Kyrgyzstan, se Kazakhstan and nw China  
        L. b. pamirensis  Severtsov, 1883 Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, ne Afghanistan and w China  
        L. b. haematopygia  (Gould, 1851) n Pakistan, nw Himalayas and w Tibet  
        L. b. pallidior  Bianchi, 1908 wc China  
        L. b. intermedia  Stegmann, 1932 c China  
        L. b. audreyana  Stresemann, 1939 s Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan  
        L. b. walteri  (Hartert, 1904) e Tibet and sw China  
Sillem's Mountain Finch Leucosticte sillemi  Roselaar, 1992 OR : n India, sw China  
Asian Rosy Finch Leucosticte arctoa  (Pallas, 1811) EU : c, ne  
        L. a. arctoa  (Pallas, 1811) sc Siberia, ne Kazakhstan and nw Mongolia  
        L. a. cognata  (Madarász, 1909) sc Siberia and n Mongolia  
        L. a. sushkini  Stegmann, 1932 wc Mongolia  
        L. a. gigliolii  Salvadori, 1869 se Siberia  
        L. a. brunneonucha  (Brandt, JF, 1842) e Siberia and ne China  
Grey-crowned Rosy Finch Leucosticte tephrocotis  (Swainson, 1832) NA : e Russia and Alaska to w Canada and USA  
        L. t. maxima  Brooks, WS, 1915 Commander Is. (ne Siberia)  
        L. t. griseonucha  (Brandt, JF, 1842) Aleutian and Kodiak Is., Alaska (except n and e)  
        L. t. umbrina  Murie, 1944 Hall, St. Matthew and Pribilof Is. in Bering Sea.  
        L. t. irvingi  Feinstein, 1958 n Alaska  
        L. t. littoralis  Baird, SF, 1869 e Alaska and w Canada  
        L. t. tephrocotis  (Swainson, 1832) wc Canada  
        L. t. dawsoni  Grinnell, 1913 e California  
        L. t. wallowa  Miller, AH, 1939 ne Oregon  
Black Rosy Finch Leucosticte atrata  Ridgway, 1874 NA : wc USA  
Brown-capped Rosy Finch Leucosticte australis  Ridgway, 1874 NA : wc USA  
Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus  (Pallas, 1770) EU : widespread  SEQ : Carpodacus resequenced following Zuccon et al 2012. Erythrina erythrina retained in a more inclusive Carpodacus after Sangster (pers. comm.). Requires incorporating Haematospiza and Chaunoproctus into Carpodacus.
        C. e. erythrinus  (Pallas, 1770) n, c and e Europe to c Siberia  
        C. e. grebnitskii  Stejneger, 1885 e Siberia, n Mongolia, ne China and Korea  
        C. e. kubanensis  Laubmann, 1915 Turkey, the Caucasus, n Iran and Turkmenistan  
        C. e. ferghanensis  (Kozlova, 1939) e Kazakhstan to w China, w Himalayas, Pakistan and Afghanistan  
        C. e. roseatus  (Blyth, 1842) c and e Himalayas to c and s China  
Scarlet Finch Carpodacus sipahi  (Hodgson, 1836) OR : Himalayas TAX, PHY : Previously Haematospiza, Scarlet Finch is assigned to Carpodacus (Zuccon et al 2012)
Bonin Grosbeak Carpodacus ferreorostris 
  (Vigors, 1829)
EU : Bonin I. (Japan) EXT, TAX, PHY : Previously Chaunoproctus Bonin Grosbeak is assigned to Carpodacus (Zuccon et al 2012)
Streaked Rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilloides  Przewalski, 1876 OR : Himalayas and China  
        C. r. rubicilloides  Przewalski, 1876 e Tibet to c and s China  
        C. r. lucifer  Meinertzhagen, R & Meinertzhagen, A, 1926 s Tibet and the Himalayas  
Caucasian Great Rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilla  (Güldenstädt, 1775) EU : c, e Caucasus Mts ENG : Change English name of Carpodacus rubicilla to Caucasian Great Rosefinch with split of C. severtzovi
Spotted Great Rosefinch Carpodacus severtzovi  Sharpe, 1886 EU : c Asia to nw China AS : Carpodacus severtzovi is split from C. rubicilla (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005)
        C. s. diabolicus  (Koelz, 1939) ne Afghanistan and Tajikistan  
        C. s. kobdensis  (Sushkin, 1925) sc Siberia, w Mongolia and nw China  
        C. s. severtzovi  Sharpe, 1886 e Kazakhstan to wc China, the Himalayas and n Pakistan  
Blyth's Rosefinch Carpodacus grandis  Blyth, 1849 OR : n Afghanistan to w Himalayas  
Red-mantled Rosefinch Carpodacus rhodochlamys  Brandt, JF, 1843 OR : c, nc Asia  
Himalayan Beautiful Rosefinch Carpodacus pulcherrimus  (Moore, F, 1856) OR : Himalayas ENG : Change English name of Carpodacus pulcherrimus from Beautiful Rosefinch to Himalayan Beautiful Rosefinch with split of C. davidianus
Chinese Beautiful Rosefinch Carpodacus davidianus  Milne-Edwards, 1865 EU : Mongolia, w,c,n China, se Tibet AS : Carpodacus davidianus is split from C. pulcherrimus (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005)
        C. d. waltoni  (Sharpe, 1905) se Tibet and ne India  
        C. d. argyrophrys  Berlioz, 1929 s Mongolia, n and wc China  
        C. d. davidianus  Milne-Edwards, 1865 ec China  
Stresemann's Rosefinch Carpodacus eos  (Stresemann, 1930) OR : Himalayas to sc China  
Pink-browed Rosefinch Carpodacus rodochroa  (Vigors, 1831) OR : Himalayas  
Dark-rumped Rosefinch Carpodacus edwardsii  Verreaux, J, 1871 OR : Himalayas  
        C. e. edwardsii  Verreaux, J, 1871 sc China  
        C. e. rubicundus  (Greenway, 1933) e Himalayas, se Tibet and n Burma  
Spot-winged Rosefinch Carpodacus rodopeplus  (Vigors, 1831) OR : Himalayas from n India to s Tibet  
Sharpe's Rosefinch Carpodacus verreauxii  (David & Oustalet, 1877) OR : sw, w China; n, ne Burma AS : Carpodacus verreauxii is split from C. rodopeplus (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005)
Vinaceous Rosefinch Carpodacus vinaceus  Verreaux, J, 1871 OR : Himalayas  
        C. v. vinaceus  Verreaux, J, 1871 Nepal and n India to c and s China and n Burma  
        C. v. formosanus  Ogilvie-Grant, 1911 Taiwan  
Sinai Rosefinch Carpodacus synoicus  (Temminck, 1825) EU : sc  
        C. s. synoicus  (Temminck, 1825) ne Egypt, Israel, Jordan and w Saudi Arabia  
        C. s. salimalii  (Meinertzhagen, R, 1938) c Afghanistan  
        C. s. stoliczkae  (Hume, 1874) w China  
        C. s. beicki  (Stresemann, 1930) c China  
Tibetan Rosefinch Carpodacus roborowskii  (Przewalski, 1887) OR : Himalayas to wc China TAX, PHY : Previously in Koslowia, Tibetan Rosefinch is assigned to Carpodacus (Zuccon et al 2012)
Long-tailed Rosefinch Carpodacus sibiricus  (Pallas, 1773) EU : c, e TAX, PHY : Previously in Uragus, Long-tailed Rosefinch is assigned to Carpodacus (Zuccon et al 2012)
        C. s. sibiricus  (Pallas, 1773) sw Siberia and ne Kazakhstan to Mongolia and nc China  
        C. s. ussuriensis  (Buturlin, 1915) e Siberia and ne China  
        C. s. sanguinolentus  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848) Sakhalin and Kuril Is., n Japan  
        C. s. lepidus  (David & Oustalet, 1877) ne Tibet to nc and c China  
        C. s. henrici  (Oustalet, 1892) e Tibet and sc China  
Pallas's Rosefinch Carpodacus roseus  (Pallas, 1776) EU : e  
        C. r. roseus  (Pallas, 1776) ne Kazakhstan, c and e Siberia  
        C. r. portenkoi  Browning, 1988 Sakhalin I.  
Three-banded Rosefinch Carpodacus trifasciatus  Verreaux, J, 1871 EU : w China  
Himalayan White-browed Rosefinch Carpodacus thura  Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850 OR : Himalayas ENG : Change English name of Carpodacus thura to Himalayan White-browed Rosefinch with split of C. dubius
        C. t. blythi  (Biddulph, 1882) ne Afghanistan and w Himalayas  
        C. t. thura  Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850 c and e Himalayas, se Tibet  
Chinese White-browed Rosefinch Carpodacus dubius  Przewalski, 1876 EU : e Tibet, n,w,sw China AS : Carpodacus dubius is split from C. thura (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005)
        C. d. femininus  Rippon, 1906 e Tibet, sw China  
        C. d. dubius  Przewalski, 1876 wc China  
        C. d. deserticolor  (Stegmann, 1931) c China  
Red-fronted Rosefinch Carpodacus puniceus  (Blyth, 1845) OR : Himalayas  
        C. p. kilianensis  Vaurie, 1956 w China  
        C. p. humii  (Sharpe, 1888) se Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to nw Himalayas  
        C. p. puniceus  (Blyth, 1845) c Himalayas and s Tibet  
        C. p. sikangensis  Vaurie, 1956 sc China  
        C. p. longirostris  (Przewalski, 1876) c China  
Crimson-browed Finch Carpodacus subhimachalus  (Hodgson, 1836) EU : Himalayas TAX, PHY : Previously in Pinicola, Crimson-browed Finch is assigned to Carpodacus (Zuccon et al 2012)
Poo-uli Melamprosops phaeosoma 
  Casey & Jacobi, JD, 1974
PO : Hawaiian Islands EXT, PHY : Hawaiian Honeycreepers resequenced following Pratt 2005, Lerner et al 2011
Oahu Alauahio Paroreomyza maculata  (Cabanis, 1850) PO : Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)  
Kakawahie Paroreomyza flammea 
  (Wilson, SB, 1890)
PO : Molokai (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Maui Alauahio Paroreomyza montana  (Wilson, SB, 1890) PO : Hawaiian Islands  
        P. m. newtoni  (Rothschild, 1893) Maui  
        P. m. montana   (Wilson, SB, 1890) Lanai  
Akikiki Oreomystis bairdi  (Stejneger, 1887) PO : Hawaiian Islands  
Laysan Finch Telespiza cantans  Wilson, SB, 1890 PO : Hawaiian Islands  
Nihoa Finch Telespiza ultima  Bryan, 1917 PO : Hawaiian Islands  
Palila Loxioides bailleui  Oustalet, 1877 PO : Hawaiian Islands  
Lesser Koa Finch Rhodacanthis flaviceps 
  Rothschild, 1892
PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Greater Koa Finch Rhodacanthis palmeri 
  Rothschild, 1892
PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Kona Grosbeak Chloridops kona 
†  Wilson, SB, 1888
PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Ou Psittirostra psittacea 
  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
PO : Hawaiian Islands EXTINCT :
Lanai Hookbill Dysmorodrepanis munroi 
  Perkins, 1919
PO : Lanai (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Iiwi Vestiaria coccinea  (Forster, G, 1780) PO : Hawaiian Islands  
Hawaii Mamo Drepanis pacifica 
  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Black Mamo Drepanis funerea 
  Newton, A, 1894
PO : Molokai (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Ula-ai-hawane Ciridops anna 
  Newton, A, 1892
PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT :
Akohekohe Palmeria dolei  (Wilson, SB, 1891) PO : Hawaiian Islands  
Apapane Himatione sanguinea  (Gmelin, JF, 1788) PO : Hawaiian Islands  
Laysan Honeycreeper Himatione fraithii 
  Rothschild, 1892
PO : Laysan I. (Hawaiian Islands) EXTINCT : Regarded as specifically distinct from Apapane Himatione sanguinea Pratt, 2005
Greater Amakihi Viridonia sagittirostris 
  Rothschild, 1892
PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) EXT, TAX, PHY : Previously in Hemignathus, Greater Amakihi is tentatively assigned to Viridonia. See Pratt 2005.
Lesser Akialoa Akialoa obscura 
  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) EXT, TAX, PHY : Previously in Hemignathus, Greater Akialoa is tentatively assigned to Akialoa. See Pratt 2005.
Greater Akialoa Akialoa ellisiana 
  (Gray, GR, 1860)
PO : Hawaiian Islands EXT, TAX, PHY : Previously in Hemignathus, Lesser Akialoa is tentatively assigned to Akialoa. See Pratt 2005.
        A. e. stejnegeri 
  (Wilson, SB, 1889)
Kauai  
        A. e. ellisiana 
  (Gray, GR, 1860)
Oahu  
        A. e. lanaiensis 
  (Rothschild, 1893)
Lanai  
Nukupuu Hemignathus lucidus  Lichtenstein, MHK, 1839 PO : Hawaiian Islands  
        H. l. hanapepe  Wilson, SB, 1889 Kauai  
        H. l. lucidus 
  Lichtenstein, MHK, 1839
Oahu  
        H. l. affinis  Rothschild, 1893 Maui  
Akiapolaau Hemignathus wilsoni  (Rothschild, 1893) PO : Hawaiian Islands TAX : Akiapolaau Hemignathus wilsoni. Formerly H. munroi on the IOC list which was a name created by Pratt because if Hawaii Amakihi is also placed in Hemignathus then its subspecies wilsoni has precedence. Transfer of Hawaii Amakihi to Chlorodrepanis removes conflict and the older name for Akiapolaau returns to H. wilsoni.
Maui Parrotbill Pseudonestor xanthophrys  Rothschild, 1893 PO : Hawaiian Islands  
Anianiau Magumma parva  (Stejneger, 1887) PO : Hawaiian Islands TAX : Hemignathus parvus is assigned to the monotypic genus Magumma (AOU 2008)
Hawaii Creeper Manucerthia mana  (Wilson, SB, 1891) PO : Hawaiian Islands PHY, TAX : Hawaii Creeper is genetically closer to amakihis/akepas than to Oreomystis bairdi (Pratt 2009, Reding et al 2009).
Akekee Loxops caeruleirostris  (Wilson, SB, 1890) PO : Hawaiian Islands  
Akepa Loxops coccineus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) PO : Hawaiian Islands  
        L. c. wolstenholmei 
 Rothschild, 1893
Oahu  
        L. c. ochraceus  Rothschild, 1893 Maui  
        L. c. coccineus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) Hawaii  
Hawaii Amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens  (Gmelin, JF, 1788) PO : Hawaiian Islands  
        C. v. wilsoni  (Rothschild, 1893) Molokai, Lanai and Maui  
        C. v. virens  (Gmelin, JF, 1788) Hawaii  
Oahu Amakihi Chlorodrepanis flava  (Bloxam, A, 1827) PO : Hawaiian Islands  
Kauai Amakihi Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri  (Wilson, 1890) PO : Hawaiian Islands TAX, PHY : Kauai Amakihi: H. kauaiensis was a name proposed by Doug Pratt because when Kauai Amakihi is placed in Hemignathus, its original name, stejnegeri, is preoccupied by a subspecies of Greater Akioloa. That conflict no longer exists with placement of Kauai Amakihi in Chlorodrepanis and Greater Akiaola in Akialoa, so the older name is restored.
Purple Finch Haemorhous purpureus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA : n, w, also nw Mexico  
        H. p. purpureus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) sc and se Canada, ne USA  
        H. p. californicus  (Baird, SF, 1858) sw Canada, w USA  
Cassin's Finch Haemorhous cassinii  (Baird, SF, 1854) NA : w, also n Mexico  
House Finch Haemorhous mexicanus  (Statius Müller, 1776) NA, MA : Canada, USA and Mexico  
        H. m. frontalis  (Say, 1822) sw and se Canada, USA and nw Mexico  
        H. m. clementis  (Mearns, 1898) San Clemente I. (off sw California) and Los Coronados Is. (off extreme nw Mexico)  
        H. m. mcgregori 
  (Anthony, 1897)
San Benito I. (off nw Mexico)  
        H. m. amplus  (Ridgway, 1876) Guadalupe I. (off nw Mexico)  
        H. m. ruberrimus  (Ridgway, 1887) s Baja California (nw Mexico)  
        H. m. rhodopnus  (Moore, RT, 1936) c Sinaloa (wc Mexico)  
        H. m. coccineus  (Moore, RT, 1939) sw Mexico  
        H. m. potosinus  (Griscom, 1928) nc Mexico  
        H. m. centralis  (Moore, RT, 1937) c Mexico  
        H. m. mexicanus  (Statius Müller, 1776) sc Mexico  
        H. m. roseipectus  (Sharpe, 1888) Oaxaca valley (s Mexico)  
        H. m. griscomi  (Moore, RT, 1939) Guerrero (sw Mexico)  
European Greenfinch Chloris chloris  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : w, sw, sc  
        C. c. harrisoni  Clancey, 1940 Britain (except n Scotland) and Ireland  
        C. c. chloris  (Linnaeus, 1758) n Scotland, n and c France and Norway to w Siberia  
        C. c. muehlei  Parrot, 1905 Serbia and Montenegro to Moldovia, Bulgaria and Greece  
        C. c. aurantiiventris  (Cabanis, 1851) s Spain through s Europe to w Greece  
        C. c. madaraszi  Tschusi, 1911 Corsica and Sardinia  
        C. c. vanmarli  Voous, 1951 nw Spain, Portugal and nw Morocco  
        C. c. voousi  (Roselaar, 1993) c Morocco and n Algeria  
        C. c. chlorotica  (Bonaparte, 1850) sc Turkey to ne Egypt  
        C. c. bilkevitchi  Zarudny, 1911 s Ukraine, the Caucasus and ne Turkey to n Iran and sw Turkmenistan  
        C. c. turkestanica  Zarudny, 1907 s Kazakhstan to Kyrgyzstan and c Tajikistan  
Grey-capped Greenfinch Chloris sinica  (Linnaeus, 1766) EU : e, also e China to Vietnam  
        C. s. ussuriensis  Hartert, 1903 ne China, Korea and e Siberia  
        C. s. kawarahiba  (Temminck, 1836) Kamchatka, Kuril Is., and ne Hokkaido (n Japan)  
        C. s. minor  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848) s Hokkaido (n Japan) to Kyushu (s Japan)  
        C. s. kittlitzi  (Seebohm, 1890) Bonin and Iwo Is.  
        C. s. sinica  (Linnaeus, 1766) c and e China to c Vietnam  
Yellow-breasted Greenfinch Chloris spinoides  (Vigors, 1831) OR : Pakistan to Burma  
        C. s. spinoides  (Vigors, 1831) Pakistan, the Himalayas, ne India and s Tibet  
        C. s. heinrichi  (Stresemann, 1940) ne India and w Burma  
Vietnamese Greenfinch Chloris monguilloti  (Delacour, 1926) OR : Vietnam  
Black-headed Greenfinch Chloris ambigua  (Oustalet, 1896) OR : Himalayas to n Thailand  
        C. a. taylori  (Kinnear, 1939) se Tibet  
        C. a. ambigua  (Oustalet, 1896) e and ne Burma, s China and n Indochina  
Desert Finch Rhodospiza obsoleta  (Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823) EU : sc  
Socotra Golden-winged Grosbeak Rhynchostruthus socotranus  Sclater, PL & Hartlaub, 1881 EU : Socotra Is  
Arabian Golden-winged Grosbeak Rhynchostruthus percivali  Ogilvie-Grant, 1900 EU : sw Arabian Peninsula AS : Rhynchostruthus percivali is split from R.socotranus (Kirwan & Grieve 2007, BLI 1.0)
Somali Golden-winged Grosbeak Rhynchostruthus louisae  Lort Phillips, 1897 AF : Somalia  
Oriole Finch Linurgus olivaceus  (Fraser, 1843) AF : wc, c, e  
        L. o. olivaceus  (Fraser, 1843) se Nigeria, w Cameroon and Bioko I.  
        L. o. prigoginei  Schouteden, 1950 e DR Congo, sw Uganda, w Rwanda and w Burundi  
        L. o. elgonensis  van Someren, 1918 se Sudan, e Uganda and w and c Kenya  
        L. o. kilimensis  (Reichenow & Neumann, 1895) s Kenya, Tanzania and n Malawi  
Principe Seedeater Crithagra rufobrunnea  (Gray, GR, 1862) AF : Príncipe, São Tomé  
        C. r. rufobrunnea  (Gray, GR, 1862) Principe I.  
        C. r. fradei  (Naurois, 1975) Ilhéu Caroco off s Príncipe  
        C. r. thomensis  (Barboza du Bocage, 1888) S?o Tomé  
Sao Tome Grosbeak Crithagra concolor  (Barboza du Bocage, 1888) AF : São Tomé TAX, PHY : Previously separated as Neospiza, Sao Tome Grosbeak is assigned to Crithagra (Zuccon et al 2012, Melo & Jones MS)
African Citril Crithagra citrinelloides  (Rüppell, 1840) AF : s Sudan; w,c Ethiopia, w Kenya  
        C. c. citrinelloides  (Rüppell, 1840) Eritrea and Ethiopia  
        C. c. kikuyensis  (Neumann, 1905) w Kenya  
Western Citril Crithagra frontalis  (Reichenow, 1904) AF : ce  
Southern Citril Crithagra hyposticta  (Reichenow, 1904) AF : e, se  
        C. h. brittoni  (Traylor, 1970) s Sudan to w Kenya  
        C. h. hyposticta  (Reichenow, 1904) se Kenya to ne Zambia and Malawi  
Black-faced Canary Crithagra capistrata  Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870 AF : c  
        C. c. capistrata  Finsch, 1870 Gabon and Congo to e DR Congo and Burundi, n Angola, s DR Congo and n Zambia  
        C. c. hildegardae  (Rand & Traylor, 1959) c Angola  
Papyrus Canary Crithagra koliensis  (Grant, CHB & Mackworth-Praed, 1952) AF : ec  
Forest Canary Crithagra scotops  Sundevall, 1850 AF : South Africa  
        C. s. kirbyi  Dowsett, 2012 ne South Africa  
        C. s. umbrosa  (Clancey, 1964) inland e and s South Africa  
        C. s. scotops  Sundevall, 1850 lowland e and s South Africa  
White-rumped Seedeater Crithagra leucopygia  Sundevall, 1850 AF : w, c, e  
        C. l. riggenbachi  (Neumann, 1908) Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia to w Sudan and Central African Republic  
        C. l. pallens  (Vaurie, 1956) Niger  
        C. l. leucopygia  Sundevall, 1850 e Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia and nw Uganda  
Black-throated Canary Crithagra atrogularis  (Smith, A, 1836) AF : e, s  
        C. a. somereni  (Hartert, 1912) ne DR Congo, Uganda and w Kenya to nw Tanzania  
        C. a. lwenarum  (White, CMN, 1944) Gabon and Congo to sw Tanzania, c Zambbia and c Angola  
        C. a. atrogularis  (Smith, A, 1836) se Botswana, Zimbabwe (except w) and n South Africa  
        C. a. impiger  (Clancey, 1959) c South Africa and Lesotho  
        C. a. semideserti  (Roberts, 1932) s Angola and ne Namibia to w Zimbabwe  
        C. a. deserti  (Reichenow, 1918) sw Angola to w South Africa  
Yellow-rumped Seedeater Crithagra xanthopygia  (Rüppell, 1840) AF : Ethiopia, Eritrea  
Reichenow's Seedeater Crithagra reichenowi  (Salvadori, 1888) AF : e  
Arabian Serin Crithagra rothschildi  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1902) EU : w, sw Arabian Peninsula  
Yellow-throated Seedeater Crithagra flavigula  (Salvadori, 1888) AF : Ethiopia  
Salvadori's Seedeater Crithagra xantholaema  (Salvadori, 1896) AF : Ethiopia  
Lemon-breasted Canary Crithagra citrinipectus  (Clancey & Lawson, 1960) AF : se TAX : Correct gender of species name of Lemon-breasted Canary from citrinipecta to citrinipectus (BBOC 122:34)
Yellow-fronted Canary Crithagra mozambica  (Statius Müller, 1776) AF : w, c, e, s  
        C. m. caniceps  (d'Orbigny, 1839) s Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia to N Cameroon  
        C. m. punctigula  (Reichenow, 1898) c and s Cameroon  
        C. m. grotei  (Sclater, WL & Mackworth-Praed, 1931) e Sudan, w and sw Ethiopia  
        C. m. gommaensis  (Grant, CHB & Mackworth-Praed, 1945) Eritrea, nw and c Ethiopia  
        C. m. barbata  Heuglin, 1864 s Chad and Central African Republic to sw Kenya and c Tanzania  
        C. m. tando  (Sclater, WL & Mackworth-Praed, 1918) Gabon to Angola  
        C. m. samaliyae  (White, CMN, 1947) se DR Congo, sw Tanzania and ne Zambia  
        C. m. vansoni  (Roberts, 1932) se Angola, ne Namibia and sw Zambia  
        C. m. mozambica  (Statius Müller, 1776) Kenya to e Botswana, Zimbabwe, ne South Africa and sc Mozambique  
        C. m. granti  (Clancey, 1957) s Mozambique and e South Africa  
White-bellied Canary Crithagra dorsostriata  Reichenow, 1887 AF : e  
        C. d. maculicollis  (Sharpe, 1895) Ethiopia and Somalia through c and e Kenya to ne Tanzania  
        C. d. dorsostriata  Reichenow, 1887 se Uganda, w Kenya and nw Tanzania  
Ankober Serin Crithagra ankoberensis  (Ash, 1979) AF : Ethiopia  
Yemen Serin Crithagra menachensis  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1913) EU : sw Arabian Peninsula  
Cape Siskin Crithagra totta  (Sparrman, 1786) AF : South Africa  
Drakensberg Siskin Crithagra symonsi  (Roberts, 1916) AF : South Africa  
Northern Grosbeak-Canary Crithagra donaldsoni  (Sharpe, 1895) AF : ne  
Southern Grosbeak-Canary Crithagra buchanani  (Hartert, 1919) AF : e  
Yellow Canary Crithagra flaviventris  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) AF : s  
        C. f. damarensis  (Roberts, 1922) sw Angola, Namibia, Botswana and nc South Africa  
        C. f. flaviventris  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) extreme s Namibia, w and sw Sout Africa  
        C. f. guillarmodi  (Roberts, 1936) highlands of Lesotho  
        C. f. marshalli  (Shelley, 1902) se Botswana, c and ne South Africa, lowlands of Lesotho  
Brimstone Canary Crithagra sulphurata  (Linnaeus, 1766) AF : e, se, s  
        C. s. sharpii  (Neumann, 1900) Angola to ne DR Congo, Kenya, Tanzania and n Mozambique  
        C. s. wilsoni  Roberts, 1936 Zimbabwe, s Mozambique, Swaziland and e South Africa  
        C. s. sulphurata  (Linnaeus, 1766) s South Africa  
Reichard's Seedeater Crithagra reichardi  (Reichenow, 1882) AF : e  
        C. r. striatipecta  (Sharpe, 1891) s Sudan, s Ethiopia and n Kenya  
        C. r. reichardi  (Reichenow, 1882) s DR Congo to c Tanzania and n Mozambique  
Streaky-headed Seedeater Crithagra gularis  (Smith, A, 1836) AF : sc, s  
        C. g. benguellensis  (Reichenow, 1904) Guinea, Sierra Leone and s Mali to n Cameroon  
        C. g. elgonensis  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1912) s Chad to s Sudan, w Kenya and n DR Congo  
        C. g. endemion  (Clancey, 1952) s Mozambique and e South Africa  
        C. g. gularis  (Smith, A, 1836) se Botswana and n South Africa  
        C. g. humilis  (Bonaparte, 1850) s South Africa  
        C. g. mendosa  (Clancey, 1966) ne Botswana, Zimbabwe and nw Mozambique  
        C. g. montanorum  (Bannerman, 1923) e Nigeria to c Cameroon  
West African Seedeater Crithagra canicapilla  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855) AF : wc, c  
Black-eared Seedeater Crithagra mennelli  (Chubb, EC, 1908) AF : sc  
Brown-rumped Seedeater Crithagra tristriata  (Rüppell, 1840) AF : ne  
White-throated Canary Crithagra albogularis  Smith, A, 1833 AF : sw, s  
        C. a. crocopygia  (Sharpe, 1871) sw Angola and n Namibia  
        C. a. sordahlae  (Friedmann, 1932) s Namibia and nw South Africa  
        C. a. orangensis  Roberts, 1937 n South Africa  
        C. a. albogularis  Smith, A, 1833 w South Africa  
        C. a. hewitti  Roberts, 1937 c and se South Africa  
Thick-billed Seedeater Crithagra burtoni  (Gray, GR, 1862) AF : c, ec  
        C. b. burtoni  (Gray, GR, 1862) se Nigeria, sw Cameroon and Bioko I.  
        C. b. tanganjicae  (Granvik, 1923) wc Angola, e DR Congo to w Uganda, w Rwanda and w Burundi  
        C. b. kilimensis  Richmond, 1897 e Uganda, sw Kenya and w Tanzania  
        C. b. albifrons  Sharpe, 1891 e Kenya  
Streaky Seedeater Crithagra striolata  (Rüppell, 1840) AF : e  
        C. s. graueri  (Hartert, 1907) e DR Congo, sw Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi  
        C. s. striolata  (Rüppell, 1840) Eritrea, Ethiopia and se Sudan to Tanzania and n Malawi  
Yellow-browed Seedeater Crithagra whytii  (Shelley, 1897) AF : e  
Kipengere Seedeater Crithagra melanochroa  (Reichenow, 1900) AF : Tanzania  
Protea Canary Crithagra leucoptera  Sharpe, 1871 AF : South Africa  
Twite Linaria flavirostris  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : widespread  
        L. f. bensonorum  (Meinertzhagen, R, 1934) Outer Hebrides (w Scotland)  
        L. f. pipilans  (Latham, 1787) n Ireland and n Britain  
        L. f. flavirostris  (Linnaeus, 1758) n Scandinavia and nw Russia  
        L. f. brevirostris  (Bonaparte, 1855) Turkey, the Caucasus and n Iran  
        L. f. kirghizorum  (Sushkin, 1925) n and c Kazakhstan  
        L. f. korejevi  (Zarudny & Harms, 1914) ne Kazakhstan to nw China  
        L. f. altaica  (Sushkin, 1925) sw Siberia, n and w Mongolia  
        L. f. montanella  (Hume, 1873) Kyrgyzstan to w China  
        L. f. pamirensis  (Zarudny & Harms, 1914) Tajikistan, n Afghjanistan and nw Pakistan  
        L. f. miniakensis  (Jacobi, A, 1923) e Tibet and w China  
        L. f. rufostrigata  (Walton, 1905) w and s Tibet, n India and n Nepal  
Common Linnet Linaria cannabina  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : widespread, also nw Africa and Canary Islands  
        L. c. autochthona  (Clancey, 1946) Scotland  
        L. c. cannabina  (Linnaeus, 1758) w, c and n Europe, w and sc Siberia  
        L. c. bella  (Brehm, CL, 1845) Middle East to Mongolia and nw China  
        L. c. mediterranea  (Tschusi, 1903) Iberian Pen., Italy, Greece, nw Africa and Mediterranean islands  
        L. c. nana  (Tschusi, 1901) Madeira I.  TAX : L. c. nana (Tschusi, 1901) replaces C. c. guentheri (Wolters, 1953) when Linaria is split from Carduelis
        L. c. meadewaldoi  (Hartert, 1901) w and c Canary Is.  
        L. c. harterti  (Bannerman, 1913) e Canary Is.  
Yemen Linnet Linaria yemenensis  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1913) EU : sw Arabian Peninsula  
Warsangli Linnet Linaria johannis  (Clarke, S, 1919) AF : ne Somalia  
Common Redpoll Acanthis flammea  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU, NA : n TAX, PHY : Previously in Carduelis, redpolls are returned to Acanthis (Arnaiz-Villena et al. 1999, Nguembock et al. 2009, Zuccon et al 2012, NACC). Species taxonomy of redpolls is unsettled, including Lesser Redpoll Acanthis (flammea) cabaret recognized by BOU (Ottvall et al. 2002, Marthinsen et al 2008)
        A. f. cabaret  (Statius Müller, 1776) Britain to c Europe  
        A. f. flammea  (Linnaeus, 1758) n Europe, Siberia, Alaska and Canada  
        A. f. rostrata  (Coues, 1861) ne Canada, Greenland and Iceland  
Arctic Redpoll Acanthis hornemanni  (Holböll, 1843) EU, NA : n  
        A. h. exilipes  (Coues, 1862) n Eurasia, Alaska and nw Canada  
        A. h. hornemanni  (Holböll, 1843) ne Canada and Greenland  
Parrot Crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus  von Borkhausen, 1793 EU : nw, nc  
Scottish Crossbill Loxia scotica  Hartert, 1904 EU : Scotland  
Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra  Linnaeus, 1758 EU, OR, NA, MA : widespread  
        L. c. curvirostra  Linnaeus, 1758 n, w and c Europe to ne Siberia and n Mongolia  
        L. c. balearica  (Homeyer, 1862) c and s Spain, Balearic Is.  
        L. c. corsicana  Tschusi, 1912 Corsica  
        L. c. poliogyna  Whitaker, 1898 s Italy, nw Africa  
        L. c. guillemardi  Madarász, 1903 e Balkans and Turkey to the Caucasus and s Ukraine  
        L. c. altaiensis  Sushkin, 1925 ne Kazakhstan, sw Siberia and w Mongolia  
        L. c. tianschanica  Laubmann, 1927 se Kazakhstan to Tajikistan and nw China  
        L. c. himalayensis  Blyth, 1845 Himalayas to s China  
        L. c. meridionalis  Robinson & Kloss, 1919 s Vietnam  
        L. c. japonica  Ridgway, 1884 se Siberia, ne China, Korea, Sakhalin and Kuril Is. and Japan  
        L. c. luzoniensis  Ogilvie-Grant, 1894 Luzon (n Philippines)  
        L. c. minor  (Brehm, CL, 1846) se Canada and ne USA  
        L. c. percna  Bent, 1912 Newfoundland  
        L. c. sitkensis  Grinnell, 1909 coastal s Alaska to coastal w USA  
        L. c. bendirei  Ridgway, 1884 inland sw Canada and inland nw USA  
        L. c. benti  Griscom, 1937 c Rocky Mts. (wc USA)  
        L. c. sinesciuris  Benkman, 2009 South Hills and Albion Mts. (Idaho in nw USA)  
        L. c. grinnelli  Griscom, 1937 wc to sw USA  
        L. c. stricklandi  Ridgway, 1885 sw USA to s Mexico  
        L. c. mesamericana  Griscom, 1937 Guatemala and Belize to Nicaragua  
Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leucoptera  Gmelin, JF, 1789 EU, NA : n  
        L. l. bifasciata  (Brehm, CL, 1827) n Europe to e Siberia and ne China  
        L. l. leucoptera  Gmelin, JF, 1789 Alaska, Canada and n USA  
Hispaniolan Crossbill Loxia megaplaga  Riley, 1916 NA : Hispaniola  
Mountain Serin Chrysocorythus estherae  (Finsch, 1902) OR : Sumatra, Java, Philippines, also Sulawesi TAX, PHY : Previously in Serinus, Mountain Serin is assigned to Chrysocorythus (Zuccon et al 2012)
        C. e. vanderbilti  (Meyer de Schauensee, 1939) n Sumatra  
        C. e. estherae  (Finsch, 1902) w Java  
        C. e. chaseni  (Kinzelbach, Dickinson & Somadikarta, 2009) e Java  
        C. e. renatae  (Schuchmann & Wolters, 1982) Sulawesi  
        C. e. mindanensis  (Ripley & Rabor, 1961) Mindanao (s Philippines)  
European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : w, c, s  
        C. c. britannica  (Hartert, 1903) British Isles, nw France and w Netherlands  
        C. c. carduelis  (Linnaeus, 1758) s Scandinavia to c France and Italy and east to c European Russia  
        C. c. parva  Tschusi, 1901 sw Europe, nw Africa, Madeira, Balearic and Canary Is.  
        C. c. tschusii  Arrigoni degli Oddi, 1902 Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily  
        C. c. balcanica  Sachtleben, 1919 Balkans, Greece, Crete and nw Turkey  
        C. c. niediecki  Reichenow, 1907 Middle East  
        C. c. brevirostris  Zarudny, 1889 e Turkey, s Caucasus and n Iran  TAX : C. c. brevirostris Zarudny, 1889 replaces C. c. loudoni Zarudny, 1906 when Acanthis is split from Carduelis
        C. c. colchica  Koudashev, 1915 n Caucasus and Crimea (s Ukraine)  
        C. c. volgensis  Buturlin, 1906 s Ukraine, s European Russia and nw Kazakhstan  
        C. c. major  Taczanowski, 1880 sw and sc Siberia  TAX: C. c. major Taczanowski, 1879 replaces C. c. frigoris Wolters, 1953 when Acanthis is split from Carduelis
        C. c. paropanisi  Kollibay, 1910 w Turkmenistan and e Iran to nw China  
        C. c. subulata  (Gloger, 1833) ne Kazakhstan, sc Siberia and w Mongolia  
        C. c. caniceps  Vigors, 1831 w Pakistan to nw Himalayas, sw Tibet and c Nepal  
        C. c. ultima  Koelz, 1949 s Iran  
Citril Finch Carduelis citrinella  (Pallas, 1764) EU : s, c Europe  
Corsican Finch Carduelis corsicana  (Koenig, AF, 1899) EU : Sardinia, Corsica  
Red-fronted Serin Serinus pusillus  (Pallas, 1811) EU : c, sc  
European Serin Serinus serinus  (Linnaeus, 1766) EU : w, sw, also n Africa  
Syrian Serin Serinus syriacus  Bonaparte, 1850 EU, AF : Syria and Iraq to Egypt  
Atlantic Canary Serinus canaria  (Linnaeus, 1758) AF : Canary Islands, Azores, Madeira  
Cape Canary Serinus canicollis  (Swainson, 1838) AF : s  
        S. c. griseitergum  Clancey, 1967 e Zimbabwe and w Mozambique  
        S. c. canicollis  (Swainson, 1838) South Africa  
Yellow-crowned Canary Serinus flavivertex  (Blanford, 1869) AF : ne, e Africa, c Angola  
        S. f. flavivertex  (Blanford, 1869) Eritrea and Ethiopia to n Tanzania  
        S. f. sassii  Neumann, 1922 e DR Congo and sw Uganda to ne Zambia and n Malawi  
        S. f. huillensis  Sousa, 1889 c Angola  
Ethiopian Siskin Serinus nigriceps  Rüppell, 1840 AF : Ethiopia TAX : Ethiopian Siskin tentatively assigned to Serinus following Wolters xxxx, Ryan et al 2004; genetic data needed
Black-headed Canary Serinus alario  (Linnaeus, 1758) AF : South Africa TAX, PHY : Previously in Crithagra, Black-headed Canary is assigned to Serinus (Zuccon et al 2012, also Arnaiz-Villena et al. 1999, Nguembock et al. 2009, Ryan et al 2004)
        S. a. leucolaemus  (Sharpe, 1903) s Namibia, nw and wc South Africa  PS : Taxonomic status of "Damara Canary" uncertain
        S. a. alario  (Linnaeus, 1758) w and c South Africa, Lesotho  
Tibetan Serin Spinus thibetana  (Hume, 1872) OR : Nepal to sw China and n Burma TAX, PHY : Previously in Carduelis, 19 species of New World goldfinches and siskins are restored to Spinus (SACC #); Sequence based on Sequence of Spinus based on Arnaiz-Villena et al (2012). Previously in Serinus, Tibetan Serin is assigned to Spinus (Zuccon et al 2012)
Lawrence's Goldfinch Spinus lawrencei  (Cassin, 1850) NA, MA : sw USA, nw Mexico  
American Goldfinch Spinus tristis  (Linnaeus, 1758) NA, MA : Canada to Mexico  
        S. t. pallida  Mearns, 1890 sc Canada, c and wc USA  
        S. t. jewetti  van Rossem, 1943 sw Canada and nw USA  
        S. t. salicamans  Grinnell, 1897 sw USA, nw Mexico  
        S. t. tristis  (Linnaeus, 1758) se Canada, c and e USA  
Lesser Goldfinch Spinus psaltria  (Say, 1822) NA, LA : w USA to Peru  
        S. p. hesperophila  (Oberholser, 1903) w USA and nw Mexico  
        S. p. witti  Grant, PR, 1964 Tres Marias Is. (off w Mexico)  
        S. p. psaltria  (Say, 1822) wc USA to sc Mexico  
        S. p. jouyi  (Ridgway, 1898) se Mexico and nw Belize  
        S. p. colombiana  (Lafresnaye, 1843) s Mexico to Peru and Venezuela  
Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus  (Linnaeus, 1758) EU : widespread, also n Africa  
Antillean Siskin Spinus dominicensis  (Bryant, H, 1867) NA : Hispaniola  
Pine Siskin Spinus pinus  (Wilson, A, 1810) NA, MA : Canada to Guatemala  
        S. p. pinus  (Wilson, A, 1810) Alaska, Canada and w and ne USA  
        S. p. macroptera  (Bonaparte, 1850) nw and c Mexico  
        S. p. perplexa  van Rossem, 1938 s Mexico to Guatemala  
Black-capped Siskin Spinus atriceps  (Salvin, 1863) MA : s Mexico, Guatemala  
Black-headed Siskin Spinus notata  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847) MA : Mexico to Nicaragua  
        S. n. notata  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847) e and c Mexico, n Guatemala  
        S. n. forreri  (Salvin & Godman, 1886) w Mexico  
        S. n. oleacea  Griscom, 1932 Belize to n Nicaragua  
Black-chinned Siskin Spinus barbata  (Molina, 1782) SA : s Chile, w Argentina  
Yellow-bellied Siskin Spinus xanthogastra  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855) LA : Costa Rico to Bolivia  
        S. x. xanthogastra  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855) Costa Rica to Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela  
        S. x. stejnegeri  (Sharpe, 1888) se Peru to c Bolivia  
Olivaceous Siskin Spinus olivacea  Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894 SA : e Ecuador to n Bolivia  
Hooded Siskin Spinus magellanica  (Vieillot, 1805) SA : widespread  
        S. m. capitalis  (Cabanis, 1866) c Colombia to c Ecuador and nw Peru  
        S. m. paula  Todd, 1926 s Ecuador to sw Peru  
        S. m. peruana  Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 c Peru  
        S. m. urubambensis  Todd, 1926 s Peru and n Chile  
        S. m. santaecrucis  Todd, 1926 c Bolivia  
        S. m. boliviana  (Sharpe, 1888) s Bolivia  
        S. m. hoyi  (König, C, 1981) c Andes of nw Argentina  
        S. m. tucumana  Todd, 1926 w Andes of nw Argentina  
        S. m. alleni  Ridgway, 1899 se Bolivia, w Paraguay and ne Argentina  
        S. m. icterica  (Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823) e and s Paraguay and se Brazil  
        S. m. magellanica  (Vieillot, 1805) Uruguay and e Argentina  
        S. m. longirostris  (Sharpe, 1888) s Venezuela, w Guyana and n Brazil  
Saffron Siskin Spinus siemiradzkii  (Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884) SA : sw Ecuador, nw Peru  
Yellow-faced Siskin Spinus yarrellii  (Audubon, 1839) SA : n Venezuela, ne Brazil  
Red Siskin Spinus cucullata  (Swainson, 1820) SA : n  
Black Siskin Spinus atrata  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) SA : s Peru to n Chile and w Argentina  
Yellow-rumped Siskin Spinus uropygialis  (Sclater, PL, 1862) SA : s Peru to Chile and w Argentina  
Thick-billed Siskin Spinus crassirostris  (Landbeck, 1877) SA : s  
        S. c. amadoni  George, WG, 1964 se Peru  
        S. c. crassirostris  (Landbeck, 1877) s Bolivia, c Chile and nw Argentina  
Andean Siskin Spinus spinescens  (Bonaparte, 1850) SA : Colombia, Venezuela  
        S. s. spinescens  (Bonaparte, 1850) ne Colombia, w and n Venezuela  
        S. s. capitanea  Bangs, 1898 Santa Marta Mts. (n Colombia)  
        S. s. nigricauda  Chapman, 1912 w Colombia to n Ecuador  
Jamaican Euphonia Euphonia jamaica  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : Jamaica  
Plumbeous Euphonia Euphonia plumbea  Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855 SA : n  
Scrub Euphonia Euphonia affinis  (Lesson, 1842) MA : Mexico to Costa Rica  
        E. a. godmani  Brewster, 1889 w Mexico  
        E. a. olmecorum  Dickerman, 1981 e Mexicoi  
        E. a. affinis  (Lesson, 1842) s Mexico to Costa Rica  
Yellow-crowned Euphonia Euphonia luteicapilla  (Cabanis, 1861) MA : Nicaragua to Panama  
Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica  (Linnaeus, 1766) SA : n, Amazonia, sc  
        E. c. cynophora  (Oberholser, 1918) e Colombia, s Venezuela and n Brazil  
        E. c. chlorotica  (Linnaeus, 1766) the Guianas, ne and e Brazil  
        E. c. amazonica  Parkes, 1969 nc and c Brazil  
        E. c. taczanowskii  Sclater, PL, 1886 Peru and n Bolivia  
        E. c. serrirostris  d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 se Boliva and s Brazil to c Argentina  
Trinidad Euphonia Euphonia trinitatis  Strickland, 1851 SA : n  
Velvet-fronted Euphonia Euphonia concinna  Sclater, PL, 1855 SA : Colombia  
Orange-crowned Euphonia Euphonia saturata  (Cabanis, 1861) SA : Colombia to Peru  
Finsch's Euphonia Euphonia finschi  Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1877 SA : Venezuela, Guianas  
Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea  (Linnaeus, 1758) SA : n, sc  
        E. v. rodwayi  (Penard, TE, 1919) Venezuela and Trinidad  
        E. v. violacea  (Linnaeus, 1758) the Guianas and n Brazil  
        E. v. aurantiicollis  Bertoni, W, 1901 e Brazil to n Paraguay and ne Argentina  
Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris  d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 LA : Costa Rica to Amazonia  
        E. l. crassirostris  Sclater, PL, 1857 Costa Rica to w Venezuela  
        E. l. melanura  Sclater, PL, 1851 e Colombia to e Peru and nc Brazil  
        E. l. hypoxantha  Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884 w Ecuador and nw Peru  
        E. l. zopholega  (Oberholser, 1918) ec Peru  
        E. l. laniirostris  d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 se Peru and n Bolivia to c Brazil  
Yellow-throated Euphonia Euphonia hirundinacea  Bonaparte, 1838 MA : e Mexico to Panama  
        E. h. suttoni  Phillips, AR, 1966 e Mexico  
        E. h. caribbaea  Phillips, AR, 1966 sc Mexico  
        E. h. hirundinacea  Bonaparte, 1838 se Mexico to e Nicaragua  
        E. h. gnatho  (Cabanis, 1861) nw Nicaragua to w Panama  
Green-chinned Euphonia Euphonia chalybea  (Mikan, 1825) SA : se  
Elegant Euphonia Euphonia elegantissima  (Bonaparte, 1838) MA : Mexico to Honduras  
        E. e. rileyi  (van Rossem, 1942) nw Mexico  
        E. e. elegantissima  (Bonaparte, 1838) c Mexico to Honduras  
Golden-rumped Euphonia Euphonia cyanocephala  (Vieillot, 1819) SA : n Colombia to Trinidad and the Guianas, south to n Argentina, se Brazil, e Paraguay.  
        E. c. pelzelni  Sclater, PL, 1886 s Colombia and w Ecuador  
        E. c. insignis  Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1877 c Ecuador  
        E. c. cyanocephala  (Vieillot, 1819) e Columbia through n Venezuela to Trinidad; the Guianas; eastern slope of Andes from Peru to Bolivia; discontinously in se Brazil, nw Argentina and e Paraguay  
Antillean Euphonia Euphonia musica  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA : West Indies  
        E. m. musica  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) Hispaniola  
        E. m. sclateri  (Sclater, PL, 1854) Puerto Rico  
        E. m. flavifrons  (Sparrman, 1789) Lesser Antilles  
Fulvous-vented Euphonia Euphonia fulvicrissa  Sclater, PL, 1857 LA : Panama to Ecuador  
        E. f. fulvicrissa  Sclater, PL, 1857 c Panama to w Colombia  
        E. f. omissa  Hartert, 1913 c Colombia  
        E. f. purpurascens  Hartert, 1901 sw Colombia and nw Ecuador  
Spot-crowned Euphonia Euphonia imitans  (Hellmayr, 1936) MA : Costa Rica, Panama  
Olive-backed Euphonia Euphonia gouldi  Sclater, PL, 1857 MA : se Mexico to Panama  
        E. g. gouldi  Sclater, PL, 1857 se Mexico to Honduras  
        E. g. praetermissa  (Peters, JL, 1929) se Honduras to Panama  
White-lored Euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta  Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869 SA : w, n Amazonia  
        E. c. chrysopasta  Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869 w Amazonia  
        E. c. nitida  (Penard, TE, 1923) e Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil  
Bronze-green Euphonia Euphonia mesochrysa  Salvadori, 1873 SA : Colombia to Bolivia  
        E. m. mesochrysa  Salvadori, 1873 c Colombia to e Ecuador  
        E. m. media  (Zimmer, 1943) n and c Peru  
        E. m. tavarae  (Chapman, 1925) se Peru to c Bolivia  
White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta  Cabanis, 1849 LA : Mexico to Ecuador, Guianas to c Bolivia  
        E. m. humilis  (Cabanis, 1861) s Mexico to nw Ecuador  
        E. m. minuta  Cabanis, 1849 Amazonia  
Tawny-capped Euphonia Euphonia anneae  Cassin, 1865 LA : Costa Rica to Colombia  
        E. a. anneae  Cassin, 1865 Costa Rica to w Panama  
        E. a. rufivertex  Salvin, 1866 w Panama to nw Colombia  
Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster  Sundevall, 1834 LA : Panama to Bolivia and e Brazil  
        E. x. oressinoma  Olson, 1981 w Panama to nw Colombia  
        E. x. chocoensis  Hellmayr, 1911 e Panama to nw Ecuador  
        E. x. badissima  Olson, 1981 n Colombia and nw Venezuela  
        E. x. quitensis  (Nelson, 1912) w Ecuador and nw Peru  
        E. x. dilutior  (Zimmer, 1943) se Colombia and ne Peru  
        E. x. cyanonota  Parkes, 1969 w and c Brazil  
        E. x. brunneifrons  Chapman, 1901 se Peru  
        E. x. ruficeps  d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 w Bolivia  
        E. x. brevirostris  Bonaparte, 1851 e Colombia, e Ecuador and e Peru  
        E. x. exsul  Berlepsch, 1912 ne Colombia and n Venezuela  
        E. x. xanthogaster  Sundevall, 1834 e Brazil  
Rufous-bellied Euphonia Euphonia rufiventris  (Vieillot, 1819) SA : w, n Amazonia  
        E. r. rufiventris  (Vieillot, 1819) w Amazonia  
        E. r. carnegiei  Dickerman, 1988 s Venezuela  
Chestnut-bellied Euphonia Euphonia pectoralis  (Latham, 1802) SA : se  
Golden-sided Euphonia Euphonia cayennensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) SA : n Amazonia  
Yellow-collared Chlorophonia Chlorophonia flavirostris  Sclater, PL, 1861 SA : Colombia, Ecuador  
Blue-naped Chlorophonia Chlorophonia cyanea  (Thunberg, 1822) SA : n, w, se  
        C. c. psittacina  Bangs, 1902 n Colombia  
        C. c. frontalis  (Sclater, PL, 1851) n Venezuela  
        C. c. minuscula  Hellmayr, 1922 ne Venezuela  
        C. c. roraimae  Salvin & Godman, 1884 s Venezuela, nw Brazil and Guyana  
        C. c. intensa  Zimmer, 1943 w Colombia  
        C. c. longipennis  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855) w Venezuela to c Bolivia  
        C. c. cyanea  (Thunberg, 1822) se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina  
Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys  (Sclater, PL, 1851) SA : Venezuela to Peru  
Blue-crowned Chlorophonia Chlorophonia occipitalis  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847) MA : Mexico to Nicaragua  
Golden-browed Chlorophonia Chlorophonia callophrys  (Cabanis, 1861) MA : Costa Rica, Panama  
       
New World Warblers (115)
Family Parulidae
  PHY, TAX : Genera and species sequences follow Lovette et al 2010 and AOU/NACC 2011 (supplement)
Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : n, c, e  
        S. a. aurocapilla  (Linnaeus, 1766) c and se Canada and e USA  
        S. a. cinereus  Miller, AH, 1942 wc USA  
        S. a. furvior  Batchelder, 1918 Newfoundland (se Canada)  
Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorum  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA : e USA  
Louisiana Waterthrush Parkesia motacilla  (Vieillot, 1809) NA : e USA  
Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA : n, c  
Bachman's Warbler Vermivora bachmanii  (Audubon, 1833) NA : se USA  
Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : e  
Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora cyanoptera  Olson & Reveal, 2009 NA : e TAX : Change species name of Blue-winged Warbler from pinus to cyanoptera (Olson & Reveal 2009, NACC 2010)
Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : n, e  
Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea  (Boddaert, 1783) NA : e, se USA  
Swainson's Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii  (Audubon, 1834) NA : se USA  
Crescent-chested Warbler Oreothlypis superciliosa  (Hartlaub, 1844) MA : Mexico to Nicaragua  
        O. s. sodalis  (Moore, RT, 1941) nw and w Mexico  
        O. s. mexicana  (Bonaparte, 1850) e Mexico  
        O. s. palliata  (van Rossem, 1939) sw Mexico  
        O. s. superciliosa  (Hartlaub, 1844) s Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and w Honduras  
        O. s. parva  (Miller, W & Griscom, 1925) e Honduras and Nicaragua  
Flame-throated Warbler Oreothlypis gutturalis  (Cabanis, 1861) MA : Costa Rico, Panama  
Tennessee Warbler Leiothlypis peregrina  (Wilson, A, 1811) NA : n  
Orange-crowned Warbler Leiothlypis celata  (Say, 1822) NA : w, n  
        L. c. celata  (Say, 1822) c Alaska to s Canada  
        L. c. lutescens  (Ridgway, 1872) w Canada and w USA  
        L. c. orestera  (Oberholser, 1905) wc Canada and wc USA  
        L. c. sordida  (Townsend, CH, 1890) s California (sw USA) and nw Mexico  
Colima Warbler Leiothlypis crissalis  (Salvin & Godman, 1889) NA : sw USA  
Lucy's Warbler Leiothlypis luciae  (Cooper, JG, 1861) NA, MA : sw USA, nw Mexico  
Nashville Warbler Leiothlypis ruficapilla  (Wilson, A, 1811) NA : w, n  
        L. r. ridgwayi  (van Rossem, 1929) sw Canada and w USA  
        L. r. ruficapilla  (Wilson, A, 1811) s and se Canada and ne USA  
Virginia's Warbler Leiothlypis virginiae  (Baird, SF, 1860) NA : sw USA  
Semper's Warbler Leucopeza semperi  Sclater, PL, 1876 NA : St. Lucia  
Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis  (Wilson, A, 1812) NA : nc  
Grey-crowned Yellowthroat Geothlypis poliocephala  Baird, SF, 1865 MA : widespread TAX : Merge Chamaethlypis with Geothlypis (NACC, Dickinson 2003)
        G. p. poliocephala  Baird, SF, 1865 w Mexico  
        G. p. ralphi  Ridgway, 1894 ne Mexico  
        G. p. palpebralis  Ridgway, 1887 ec Mexico to n Costa Rica  
        G. p. caninucha  Ridgway, 1872 sw Mexico to s Honduras  
        G. p. icterotis  Ridgway, 1889 w Nicaragua and w Costa Rica  
        G. p. pontilis  (Brodkorb, 1943) Morelos (sc Mexico)  
        G. p. ridgwayi  (Griscom, 1930) sw Costa Rica and w Panama  
Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) SA : n  
Chiriqui Yellowthroat Geothlypis chiriquensis  Salvin, 1872 MA : sw Costa Rica, Panama AS : Geothlypis chiriquensis is split from G. aequinoctialis (Escalante-Pliego 1992, Curson et al 1994, Escalente et al 2009; cf NACC 2010-B-9, split 7/5 vote)
Black-lored Yellowthroat Geothlypis auricularis  Salvin, 1883 SA : w Ecuador, w Peru AS : Geothlypis auricularis is split from G.aequinoctialis (Escalante-Pliego 1992; Curson et al 1994); SACC 70 needs more documentation
        G. a. auricularis  Salvin, 1883 w Ecuador and nw Peru  
        G. a. peruviana  Taczanowski, 1884 n Peru  
Southern Yellowthroat Geothlypis velata  (Vieillot, 1809) SA : sc AS : Geothlypis velata is split from G.aequinoctialis (Escalante-Pliego 1992; Curson et al 1994); SACC 70 needs more documentation
MacGillivray's Warbler Geothlypis tolmiei  (Townsend, JK, 1839) NA : w, also n Mexico PHY, TAX : MacGillivray‘s Warbler is moved from Oporornis to Geothlypis (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011)
        G. t. tolmiei  (Townsend, JK, 1839) se Alaska, w Canada and nw USA  
        G. t. monticola  (Phillips, AR, 1947) sc Canada and wc USA  
Mourning Warbler Geothlypis philadelphia  (Wilson, A, 1810) NA : n, ne PHY, TAX : Mourning Warbler is moved from Oporornis to Geothlypis (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011)
Kentucky Warbler Geothlypis formosa  (Wilson, A, 1811) NA : e, se USA PHY, TAX : Kentucky Warbler is moved from Oporornis to Geothlypis (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011)
Olive-crowned Yellowthroat Geothlypis semiflava  Sclater, PL, 1860 LA : Honduras to Ecuador  
        G. s. bairdi  Ridgway, 1884 Honduras to Panama  
        G. s. semiflava  Sclater, PL, 1860 w Colombia and w Ecuador  
Black-polled Yellowthroat Geothlypis speciosa  Sclater, PL, 1859 MA : Mexico  
        G. s. speciosa  Sclater, PL, 1859 state of Mexico (c Mexico)  
        G. s. limnatis  Dickerman, 1970 s Guanajuato and n Michoacán (c Mexico)  
Belding's Yellowthroat Geothlypis beldingi  Ridgway, 1882 MA : Baja California  
        G. b. goldmani  Oberholser, 1917 c Baja California (nw Mexico)  
        G. b. beldingi  Ridgway, 1882 s Baja California (nw Mexico)  
Bahama Yellowthroat Geothlypis rostrata  Bryant, H, 1867 NA : Bahamas  
        G. r. exigua  Ridgway, 1902 Andros I. (wc Bahamas)  
        G. r. tanneri  Ridgway, 1886 Grand Bahama and Abaco Is. (n Bahamas)  
        G. r. rostrata  Bryant, H, 1867 New Providence I. (wc Bahamas)  
        G. r. coryi  Ridgway, 1886 Eleuthera and Cat Is. (c Bahamas)  
Altamira Yellowthroat Geothlypis flavovelata  Ridgway, 1896 MA : e Mexico  
Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA, MA : widespread  
        G. t. trichas  (Linnaeus, 1766) se Canada and e USA (excluding the se)  
        G. t. typhicola  Burleigh, 1934 inland se USA  
        G. t. ignota  Chapman, 1890 coastal se USA  
        G. t. insperata  van Tyne, 1933 s Texas (sc USA)  
        G. t. campicola  Behle & Aldrich, 1947 interior w Canada, nw and nc USA  
        G. t. arizela  Oberholser, 1899 coastal w Canada, w USA and nw Mexico  
        G. t. occidentalis  Brewster, 1883 wc USA  
        G. t. sinuosa  Grinnell, 1901 n California (w USA)  
        G. t. scirpicola  Grinnell, 1901 sw USA and nw Mexico  
        G. t. chryseola  van Rossem, 1930 sw to sc USA and wc Mexico  
        G. t. melanops  Baird, SF, 1865 c Mexico  
        G. t. modesta  Nelson, 1900 w Mexico  
        G. t. chapalensis  Nelson, 1903 Lake Chapala in Jalisco (wc Mexico)  
        G. t. riparia  van Rossem, 1941 s Sonora (nw Mexico)  
Hooded Yellowthroat Geothlypis nelsoni  Richmond, 1900 MA : Mexico  
        G. n. nelsoni  Richmond, 1900 e Mexico  
        G. n. karlenae  Moore, RT, 1946 sw Mexico  
Whistling Warbler Catharopeza bishopi  (Lawrence, 1878) NA : St Vincent  
Plumbeous Warbler Setophaga plumbea  (Lawrence, 1877) NA : Lesser Antilles  
Elfin Woods Warbler Setophaga angelae  (Kepler & Parkes, 1972) NA : Puerto Rico  
Arrowhead Warbler Setophaga pharetra  (Gosse, 1847) NA : Jamaica  
Hooded Warbler Setophaga citrina  (Boddaert, 1783) NA : e, se PHY, TAX : Hooded Warbler belongs in Setophaga [Dendroica], not Wilsonia (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011)
American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla  (Linnaeus, 1758) NA : n, c, e  
Kirtland's Warbler Setophaga kirtlandii  (Baird, SF, 1852) NA : Michigan  
Cape May Warbler Setophaga tigrina  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA : nc, ne  
Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea  (Wilson, A, 1810) NA : c, e USA  
Northern Parula Setophaga americana  (Linnaeus, 1758) NA : e PHY, TAX : Move two species of Parula (americana, pitiayumi) to Setophaga (previously Dendroica) (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011))
Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi  (Vieillot, 1817) LA : widespread, also s Texas  
        S. p. nigrilora  (Coues, 1878) extreme sc USA and e Mexico  
        S. p. pulchra  (Brewster, 1889) w Mexico  
        S. p. insularis  (Lawrence, 1871) Tres Marias Is. (off w Mexico)  
        S. p. graysoni  (Ridgway, 1887) Socorro and Revillagigedo Is. (off w Mexico)  
        S. p. inornata  (Baird, SF, 1864) s Mexico to n Honduras  
        S. p. speciosa  (Ridgway, 1902) s Honduras to Panama  
        S. p. cirrha  (Wetmore, 1957) Coiba I. (sw of Panama)  
        S. p. nana  (Griscom, 1927) e Panama and nw Colombia  
        S. p. elegans  (Todd, 1912) n Colombia, n Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago  
        S. p. pacifica  (Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884) sw Colombia to nw Peru  
        S. p. roraimae  (Chapman, 1929) s Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazzil  
        S. p. alarum  (Chapman, 1924) e Ecuador and n Peru  
        S. p. melanogenys  (Todd, 1924) c Peru to w Bolivia  
        S. p. pitiayumi  (Vieillot, 1817) c and e Brazil to e Bolivia, Paraguay, n Argentina and Uruguay  
Magnolia Warbler Setophaga magnolia  (Wilson, A, 1811) NA : n, ne  
Bay-breasted Warbler Setophaga castanea  (Wilson, A, 1810) NA : s and se Canada, ne USA  
Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca  (Statius Müller, 1776) NA : n, ne, ec  
American Yellow Warbler Setophaga aestiva  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA, MA : widespread in NA through central plateau of Mexico TAX : CORRECT: Species name of American Yellow Warbler to aestiva, with continued recognition of the Mangrove Warbler
        S. a. rubiginosa  (Pallas, 1811) s Alaska and w Canada  
        S. a. banksi  (Browning, 1994) c Alaska and nw Canada  
        S. a. parkesi  (Browning, 1994) n Alaska and n Canada  
        S. a. amnicola  (Batchelder, 1918) wc to e Canada  
        S. a. aestiva  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) sc to e Canada and south through e and c USA  
        S. a. morcomi  (Coale, 1887) interior sw Canada and wc USA  
        S. a. brewsteri  (Grinnell, 1903) coastal w USA and nw Mexico  
        S. a. sonorana  (Brewster, 1888) interior sw USA and n to nw Mexico  
        S. a. dugesi  (Coale, 1887) c Mexico  
Mangrove Warbler Setophaga petechia  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA, LA : extreme s US through West Indies to coastal MA and SA TAX : Mangrove Warbler here includes “Golden Warbler“ petechia and “Mangrove Warbler“ erythachorides groups of AOU
        S. p. oraria  (Parkes & Dickerman, 1967) e Mexico  
        S. p. bryanti  (Ridgway, 1873) se Mexico to s Nicaragua  
        S. p. erithachorides  (Baird, SF, 1858) e Costa Rica to n Colombia  
        S. p. chrysendeta  (Wetmore, 1946) ne Colombia and extreme nw Venezuela  
        S. p. paraguanae  (Phelps & Gilliard, 1941) Paraguaná Pen. (nw Veneuela)  
        S. p. cienagae  (Zimmer, JT & Phelps, 1944) nw to n Venezuela and nearby islands  
        S. p. castaneiceps  (Ridgway, 1885) s Baja California (nw Mexico)  
        S. p. rhizophorae  (van Rossem, 1935) Sonora and Sinaloa (nw Mexico)  
        S. p. phillipsi  (Browning, 1994) w Mexico to Honduras  
        S. p. xanthotera  (Todd, 1924) w Nicaragua and w Costa Rica  
        S. p. aithocorys  (Olson, 1980) sw Panama and Coiba I.  
        S. p. iguanae  (Olson, 1980) Iguana I. (off s Panama)  
        S. p. aequatorialis  (Sundevall, 1869) sc Panama  
        S. p. jubaris  (Olson, 1980) se Panama to wc Colombia  
        S. p. peruviana  (Sundevall, 1869) sw Colombia to nw Peru  
        S. p. aureola  (Gould, 1839) Coco and Galapagos Is.  
        S. p. ruficapilla  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) Martinique (sc Lesser Antilles)  
        S. p. rufivertex  (Ridgway, 1885) Cozumel I. (off se Mexico)  
        S. p. armouri  (Greenway, 1933) Providencia I. (east of Nicaragua)  
        S. p. flavida  (Cory, 1887) San Andrés I. (east of Nicaragua)  
        S. p. eoa  (Gosse, 1847) Cayman Is. and Jamaica  
        S. p. gundlachi  (Baird, SF, 1865) Florida Keys (extreme se USA), Cuba and Isle of Pines  
        S. p. flaviceps  (Chapman, 1892) Bahama Is.  
        S. p. albicollis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) Hispaniola and nearby islands  
        S. p. chlora  (Browning, 1994) Seven Brothers Keys (off n Hispaniola)  
        S. p. solaris  (Wetmore, 1929) Gonave Is. (off w Hispaniola)  
        S. p. bartholemica  (Sundevall, 1869) Puerto Rico, Virgin Is. and the n Lesser Antilles  
        S. p. melanoptera  (Lawrence, 1879) c Lesser Antilles  
        S. p. babad  (Bond, 1927) St. Lucia (sc Lesser Antilles)  
        S. p. petechia  (Linnaeus, 1766) Barbados  
        S. p. alsiosa  (Peters, JL, 1926) Grenadine Is. (s Lesser Antilles)  
        S. p. rufopileata  (Ridgway, 1884) Aruba, Netherland Antilles and other islands off n Venezuela  
        S. p. obscura  (Cory, 1909) Las Aves, Los Roques and La Orchila Is. (off n Venezuela)  
        S. p. aurifrons  (Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1950) ne Venezuela and nearby islands  
Chestnut-sided Warbler Setophaga pensylvanica  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : e  
Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga striata  (Forster, JR, 1772) NA : Alaska to e and se Canada, ne USA  
Black-throated Blue Warbler Setophaga caerulescens  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA : ne  
        S. c. caerulescens  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) s and se Canada, ne USA  
        S. c. cairnsi  (Coues, 1897) ec USA  
Palm Warbler Setophaga palmarum  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA : n  
        S. p. palmarum  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) c and sc Canada  
        S. p. hypochrysea  (Ridgway, 1876) se Canada and ne USA  
Olive-capped Warbler Setophaga pityophila  (Gundlach, 1855) NA : Cuba, Bahamas  
Pine Warbler Setophaga pinus  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : e  
        S. p. pinus  (Linnaeus, 1766) se Canada and e USA  
        S. p. florida  (Maynard, 1906) s Florida  
        S. p. achrustera  (Bangs, 1900) Bahamas  
        S. p. chrysoleuca  (Griscom, 1923) Hispaniola  
Myrtle Warbler Setophaga coronata  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : c,e USA and Canada TAX : Brelsford and Irwin (2009) demonstrate lack of free interbreeding betw Audubon‘s and Myrtle Warblers in the narrow and stable hybrid zone; confirm validity of original split.
Audubon's Warbler Setophaga auduboni  (Townsend, JK, 1837) NA, MA : n,w and nc Mexico AS : Milá et al 2007a, Brelsford and Irwin 2009, Brelsford et al 2011 (hybrid origin)
        S. a. auduboni  (Townsend, JK, 1837) n,w  
        S. a. nigrifrons  (Brewster, 1889) nc Mexico  
Goldman's Warbler Setophaga goldmani  (Nelson, 1897) MA : w Guatemala AS : Milá et al 2007a
Yellow-throated Warbler Setophaga dominica  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : e, se USA  
        S. d. albilora  (Ridgway, 1873) ec USA  
        S. d. dominica  (Linnaeus, 1766) e and se USA  
        S. d. stoddardi  (Sutton, 1951) nw Florida and s Alabama (se USA)  
Bahama Warbler Setophaga flavescens  (Todd, 1909) NA : Bahamas AS : Bahama Warbler is split from Yellow-throated Warbler; best English name under discussion (McKay et al 2010, NACC 2010-B-8)
Vitelline Warbler Setophaga vitellina  (Cory, 1886) NA : Cayman Islands, Swan Islands  
        S. v. crawfordi  (Nicoll, 1904) Little Cayman I. and Cayman Brac  
        S. v. vitellina  (Cory, 1886) Grand Cayman I.  
        S. v. nelsoni  (Bangs, 1919) Swan I. (north of Honduras)  
Prairie Warbler Setophaga discolor  (Vieillot, 1809) NA : e, se USA  
        S. d. discolor  (Vieillot, 1809) se Canada and e USA  
        S. d. paludicola  (Howell, AH, 1930) s Florida (extreme se USA)  
Adelaide's Warbler Setophaga adelaidae  (Baird, SF, 1865) NA : Puerto Rico  
Barbuda Warbler Setophaga subita  (Riley, 1904) NA : Barbuda  
St. Lucia Warbler Setophaga delicata  (Ridgway, 1883) NA : St Lucia  
Grace's Warbler Setophaga graciae  (Baird, SF, 1865) NA : sw USA and Mexico to Nicaragua  
        S. g. graciae  (Baird, SF, 1865) sw USA and nw Mexico  
        S. g. yaegeri  (Phillips, AR & Webster, JD, 1961) w Mexico  
        S. g. remota  (Griscom, 1935) s Mexico to w Nicaragua  
        S. g. decora  (Ridgway, 1873) Belize to ne Nicaragua  
Black-throated Grey Warbler Setophaga nigrescens  (Townsend, JK, 1837) NA : w  
        S. n. nigrescens  (Townsend, JK, 1837) sw Canada and coastal w USA  
        S. n. halseii  (Giraud Jr, 1841) inland w USA, n and nw Mexico  
Townsend's Warbler Setophaga townsendi  (Townsend, JK, 1837) NA : w  
Hermit Warbler Setophaga occidentalis  (Townsend, JK, 1837) NA : w USA  
Golden-cheeked Warbler Setophaga chrysoparia  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1860) NA : sc Texas  
Black-throated Green Warbler Setophaga virens  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA : n, ne, ec  
Citrine Warbler Myiothlypis luteoviridis  (Bonaparte, 1845) SA : Venezuela to n Bolivia  
        M. l. luteoviridis  (Bonaparte, 1845) e Colombia, sw Venezuela and e Ecuador  
        M. l. quindiana  (Meyer de Schauensee, 1946) c Colombia  
        M. l. richardsoni  (Chapman, 1912) w Colombia  
        M. l. striaticeps  Cabanis, 1873 n and c Peru  
        M. l. euophrys  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1876) s Peru to c Bolivia  
White-striped Warbler Myiothlypis leucophrys  (Pelzeln, 1868) SA : sc Brazil  
Flavescent Warbler Myiothlypis flaveola  Baird, SF, 1865 SA : Colombia and Venezuela to nw Argentina  
        M. f. pallidirostris  (Oren, 1985) ne Colombia and n Venezuela  
        M. f. flaveola  Baird, SF, 1865 Amazonia  
White-rimmed Warbler Myiothlypis leucoblephara  (Vieillot, 1817) SA : se  
        M. l. leucoblephara  (Vieillot, 1817) se Brazil to ne Argentina  
        M. l. lemurum  (Olson, 1975) Uruguay  
Pale-legged Warbler Myiothlypis signata  (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906) SA : Peru to nw Argentina  
        M. s. signata  (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906) sc Peru  
        M. s. flavovirens  (Todd, 1929) s Peru, Bolivia and n Argentina  
Black-crested Warbler Myiothlypis nigrocristata  (Lafresnaye, 1840) SA : Venezuela to Peru  
Buff-rumped Warbler Myiothlypis fulvicauda  (von Spix, 1825) LA : Honduras to n Bolivia PS : See Lovette 2004 re species structure in the Buff-rumped Warbler complex
        M. f. leucopygia  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1873) Honduras to w Panama  
        M. f. veraguensis  (Sharpe, 1885) sw Costa Rica to c Panama  
        M. f. semicervina  (Sclater, PL, 1860) e Panama to nw Peru  
        M. f. motacilla  (Miller, AH, 1952) n Colombia  
        M. f. fulvicauda  (von Spix, 1825) w Amazonia  
        M. f. significans  (Zimmer, JT, 1949) se Peru and nw Bolivia  
Riverbank Warbler Myiothlypis rivularis  (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) SA : n, se, sc  
        M. r. mesoleuca  (Sclater, PL, 1865) e Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil  
        M. r. rivularis  (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina  
        M. r. boliviana  (Sharpe, 1885) ec Bolivia  
Two-banded Warbler Myiothlypis bivittata  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) SA : n Amazonia, Peru to nw Argentina  
        M. b. roraimae  (Sharpe, 1885) se Venezuela, w Guyana and n Brazil  
        M. b. bivittata  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) s Peru to c Bolivia  
        M. b. argentinae  (Zimmer, JT, 1949) s Bolivia and n Argentina  
Cuzco Warbler Myiothlypis chrysogaster  (Tschudi, 1844) SA : Peru  
Choco Warbler Myiothlypis chlorophrys  (Berlepsch, 1907) SA : Colombia, Ecuador PL : Myiothlypis [Basileuterus] chlorophrys is split from M. chrysogaster (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001); SACC 67 needs more publ data
White-lored Warbler Myiothlypis conspicillata  (Salvin & Godman, 1880) SA : n Colombia  
Grey-throated Warbler Myiothlypis cinereicollis  (Sclater, PL, 1864) SA : Venezuela, Colombia  
        M. c. pallidula  (Wetmore, 1941) extreme nw of Sierra de Perijá (n Colombia)  
        M. c. zuliensis  (Aveledo & Perez, 1994) Sierra de Perijá (n Colombia and nw Venezuela)  
        M. c. cinereicollis  (Sclater, PL, 1864) c Colombia to w Venezuela  
Grey-and-gold Warbler Myiothlypis fraseri  (Sclater, PL, 1884) SA : Ecuador, Peru  
        M. f. ochraceicrista  (Chapman, 1921) w Ecuador  
        M. f. fraseri  (Sclater, PL, 1884) sw Ecuador and nw Peru  
Russet-crowned Warbler Myiothlypis coronata  (Tschudi, 1844) SA : Venezuela to c Bolivia  
        M. c. regulus  (Todd, 1929) n and w Colombia, nw Venezuela  
        M. c. elata  (Todd, 1929) sw Colombia and w Ecuador  
        M. c. orientalis  (Chapman, 1924) ec Ecuador  
        M. c. castaneiceps  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1877) sw Ecuador and Piura (extreme nw Peru)  
        M. c. chapmani  (Todd, 1929) Cajamarca (nw Peru)  
        M. c. inaequalis  (Zimmer, JT, 1949) Amazonas and San Martin (nc Peru)  
        M. c. coronata  (Tschudi, 1844) c Peru to w Bolivia  
        M. c. notia  (Todd, 1929) c Bolivia  
Grey-headed Warbler Myiothlypis griseiceps  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1868) SA : n Venezuela  
Fan-tailed Warbler Basileuterus lachrymosus  (Bonaparte, 1850) MA : Mexico to Nicaragua PHY, TAX : Assign Fan-tailed Warbler (Euthlypis lachrymosa to Basileuterus (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011)
        B. l. tephrus  Ridgway, 1902 w Mexico  
        B. l. schistaceus  Dickey & van Rossem, 1926 sw Mexico  
        B. l. lachrymosus  (Bonaparte, 1850) s Mexico to Nicaragua  
Rufous-capped Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons  (Swainson, 1838) LA : Mexico, Guatemala s to Venezuela TAX : Chestnut-capped Warbler Basileuterus delattrii intergrades and is considered conspecific with Rufous-capped Warbler B.rufifrons (Monroe 1968, AOU 1998)
        B. r. caudatus  Nelson, 1899 nw Mexico  
        B. r. dugesi  Ridgway, 1892 w and c Mexico  
        B. r. jouyi  Ridgway, 1892 ne and e Mexico  
        B. r. rufifrons  (Swainson, 1838) s Mexico and c Guatemala  
        B. r. salvini  Cherrie, 1891 se Mexico, Belize and n Guatemala  
        B. r. delattrii  Bonaparte, 1854 s Guatemala to c Costa Rica  
        B. r. mesochrysus  Sclater, PL, 1860 s Costa Rica to n Colombia and w Venezuela  
        B. r. actuosus  Wetmore, 1957 Coiba I. (off s Panama)  
Black-cheeked Warbler Basileuterus melanogenys  Baird, SF, 1865 MA : Costa Rica, Panama  
        B. m. melanogenys  Baird, SF, 1865 c and s Costa Rica  
        B. m. eximius  Nelson, 1912 Chiriqui (w Panama)  
        B. m. bensoni  Griscom, 1927 Veraguas (w Panama)  
Pirre Warbler Basileuterus ignotus  Nelson, 1912 LA : Panama, Colombia  
Golden-browed Warbler Basileuterus belli  (Giraud Jr, 1841) MA : Mexico to Honduras  
        B. b. bateli  Moore, RT, 1946 w Mexico  
        B. b. belli  (Giraud Jr, 1841) e Mexico  
        B. b. clarus  Ridgway, 1902 sw Mexico  
        B. b. scitulus  Nelson, 1900 se Mexico to w Honduras and nw El Salvador  
        B. b. subobscurus  Wetmore, 1940 c Honduras  
Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus  (Deppe, 1830) LA : widespread ENG, TAX : Correct: English name for Basileuterus culicivorus is Golden-crowned Warbler, not Stripe-crowned Warbler (AOU 1998); includes White-bellied Warbler B.hypoleucus Vilaça and dos Santos 2010, SACC 493, IOC v2.11)
        B. c. flavescens  Ridgway, 1902 wc Mexico  
        B. c. brasierii  (Giraud Jr, 1841) ne and ec Mexico  
        B. c. culicivorus  (Deppe, 1830) sc Mexico to n Costa Rica  
        B. c. godmani  Berlepsch, 1888 c Costa Rica to w Panama  
        B. c. occultus  Zimmer, JT, 1949 w Colombia  
        B. c. austerus  Zimmer, JT, 1949 c Colombia  
        B. c. indignus  Todd, 1916 n Colombia  
        B. c. cabanisi  Berlepsch, 1879 ne Colombia and nw Venezuela  
        B. c. olivascens  Chapman, 1893 n and ne Venezuela and Trinidad  
        B. c. segrex  Zimmer, JT & Phelps, 1949 s Venezuela, w Guyana and n Brazil  
        B. c. auricapilla  (Swainson, 1838) c and e Brazil  
        B. c. azarae  Zimmer, JT, 1949 se and s Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and n Argentina  
        B. c. viridescens  Todd, 1913 e Bolivia  
        B. c. hypoleucus  Bonaparte, 1850 sw Brazil and ne Paraguay  
Three-banded Warbler Basileuterus trifasciatus  Taczanowski, 1880 SA : Ecuador, Peru  
        B. t. nitidior  Chapman, 1924 sw Ecuador and Tumbes (extreme nw Peru)  
        B. t. trifasciatus  Taczanowski, 1880 Piura to La Libertad (nw Peru)  
Three-striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus  (Tschudi, 1844) LA : Costa Rica to Bolivia  
        B. t. chitrensis  Griscom, 1927 Costa Rica and w Panama  
        B. t. tacarcunae  Chapman, 1924 e Panama and nw Colombia  
        B. t. daedalus  Bangs, 1908 w Colombia and w Ecuador  
        B. t. auricularis  Sharpe, 1885 c Colombia to w Venezuela  
        B. t. meridanus  Sharpe, 1885 nw Venezuela  
        B. t. bessereri  Hellmayr, 1922 n Venezuela  
        B. t. pariae  Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1949 ne Venezuela  
        B. t. baezae  Chapman, 1924 ec Ecuador  
        B. t. tristriatus  (Tschudi, 1844) s Ecuador to c Peru  
        B. t. inconspicuus  Zimmer, JT, 1949 se Peru and nw Bolivia  
        B. t. punctipectus  Chapman, 1924 c Bolivia  
        B. t. canens  Zimmer, JT, 1949 sc Bolivia  
Santa Marta Warbler Basileuterus basilicus  (Todd, 1913) SA : ne Colombia  
Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : n, ne, ec  
Wilson's Warbler Cardellina pusilla  (Wilson, A, 1811) NA : w, n  
        C. p. pileolata  (Pallas, 1811) Alaska, wc Canada and interior w USA  
        C. p. chryseola  (Ridgway, 1902) coastal sw Canada and coastal w USA  
        C. p. pusilla  (Wilson, A, 1811) c and s Canada, ne USA  
Red-faced Warbler Cardellina rubrifrons  (Giraud Jr, 1841) NA, MA : sw USA and nw Mexico  
Red Warbler Cardellina rubra  (Swainson, 1827) MA : Mexico  
        C. r. melanauris  (Moore, RT, 1937) nw Mexico  
        C. r. rubra  (Swainson, 1827) w and c Mexico  
        C. r. rowleyi  Orr & Webster, JD, 1968 s Mexico  
Pink-headed Warbler Cardellina versicolor  Salvin, 1863 MA : s Mexico, Guatemala  
Painted Whitestart Myioborus pictus  (Swainson, 1829) NA, MA : sw USA to Nicaragua  
        M. p. pictus  (Swainson, 1829) sw USA to sc Mexico  
        M. p. guatemalae  (Sharpe, 1885) s Mexico to n Nicaragua  
Slate-throated Whitestart Myioborus miniatus  (Swainson, 1827) LA : Mexico to Bolivia and Guyana  
        M. m. miniatus  (Swainson, 1827) w and sw Mexico  
        M. m. molochinus  Wetmore, 1942 e Mexico  
        M. m. intermedius  (Hartlaub, 1852) s Mexico and e Guatemala  
        M. m. hellmayri  van Rossem, 1936 s Guatemala and sw El Salvador  
        M. m. connectens  Dickey & van Rossem, 1928 El Salvador and Honduras to nc Nicaragua  
        M. m. comptus  Wetmore, 1944 w and c Costa Rica  
        M. m. aurantiacus  (Baird, SF, 1865) e Costa Rica and w Panama  
        M. m. ballux  Wetmore & Phelps, 1944 e Panama to n Ecuador and w Venezuela  
        M. m. sanctaemartae  Zimmer, JT, 1949 n Colombia  
        M. m. pallidiventris  (Chapman, 1899) n Venezuela  
        M. m. subsimilis  Zimmer, JT, 1949 sw Ecuador and nw Peru  
        M. m. verticalis  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) s Ecuador to c Bolivia, se Venezuela, w Guyana and n Brazil  
Brown-capped Whitestart Myioborus brunniceps  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) SA : Bolivia, n Argentina  
Yellow-crowned Whitestart Myioborus flavivertex  (Salvin, 1887) SA : ne Colombia  
White-fronted Whitestart Myioborus albifrons  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1871) SA : w Venezuela  
Golden-fronted Whitestart Myioborus ornatus  (Boissonneau, 1840) SA : Colombia, Venezuela  
        M. o. ornatus  (Boissonneau, 1840) e Colombia and w Venezuela  
        M. o. chrysops  (Salvin, 1878) c Colombia to n Ecuador  
Spectacled Whitestart Myioborus melanocephalus  (Tschudi, 1844) SA : s Colombia to n Bolivia  
        M. m. ruficoronatus  (Kaup, 1852) sw Colombia and Ecuador  
        M. m. griseonuchus  Chapman, 1927 nw Peru  
        M. m. malaris  Zimmer, JT, 1949 n Peru  
        M. m. melanocephalus  (Tschudi, 1844) c Peru  
        M. m. bolivianus  Chapman, 1919 s Peru and w Bolivia  
Collared Whitestart Myioborus torquatus  (Baird, SF, 1865) MA : Costa Rica, Panama  
Paria Whitestart Myioborus pariae  Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1949 SA : ne Venezuela  
White-faced Whitestart Myioborus albifacies  Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1946 SA : s Venezuela  
Guaiquinima Whitestart Myioborus cardonai  Zimmer, JT & Phelps, 1945 SA : se Venezuela  
Tepui Whitestart Myioborus castaneocapilla  (Cabanis, 1849) SA : Tepuis TAX : CORRECT spelling of species name; castaneocapilla is a noun not subject to gender agreement (Dickinson 2003, A Peterson Zoonomen)
        M. c. castaneocapilla  (Cabanis, 1849) se Venezuela, w Guyana and n Brazil  
        M. c. duidae  Chapman, 1929 sc Venezuela  
        M. c. maguirei  Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1961 extreme s Venezuela  
       
Family Uncertain (6)
Family Incertae Sedis 6
   
Green-tailed Warbler Microligea palustris  (Cory, 1884) NA : Hispaniola  
        M. p. palustris  (Cory, 1884) highlands of Hispaniola  
        M. p. vasta  Wetmore & Lincoln, 1931 sw Dominican Republic  
Yellow-headed Warbler Teretistris fernandinae  (Lembeye, 1850) NA : Cuba PHY : Relationships of Terretistris to Parulidae uncertain (Lovette et al 2010)
Oriente Warbler Teretistris fornsi  Gundlach, 1858 NA : Cuba  
        T. f. fornsi  Gundlach, 1858 n Cuba  
        T. f. turquinensis  Garrido, 2000 se Cuba  
Wrenthrush Zeledonia coronata  Ridgway, 1889 MA : Costa Rica, Panama  
Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens  (Linnaeus, 1758) NA, MA : widespread  
        I. v. auricollis  (Deppe, 1830) sw Canada and w USA  
        I. v. virens  (Linnaeus, 1758) se Canada and e USA to ne Mexico  
        I. v. tropicalis  van Rossem, 1939 nw Mexico  
White-winged Warbler Xenoligea montana  (Chapman, 1917) NA : Hispaniola  
       
Oropendolas, Orioles and Blackbirds (108)
Family Icteridae
   
Casqued Oropendola Clypicterus oseryi  (Deville, 1849) SA : w Amazonia  
Chestnut-headed Oropendola Psarocolius wagleri  (Gray, GR, 1845) LA : Mexico to Ecuador TAX : Zarhynchus wagleri is now assigned to Psarocolius (SACC, AOU 1998)
        P. w. wagleri  (Gray, GR, 1845) se Mexico to ne Nicaragua  
        P. w. ridgwayi  (van Rossem, 1934) s Nicaragua to sw Ecuador  
Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus  (Pallas, 1769) SA : n, sc, also Costa Rica and Panama  
        P. d. melanterus  (Todd, 1917) s Costa Rica to w Colombia  
        P. d. insularis  (Dalmas, 1900) Trinidad and Tobago  
        P. d. decumanus  (Pallas, 1769) n South America  
        P. d. maculosus  (Chapman, 1920) e Peru and Bolivia to n Argentina  
Green Oropendola Psarocolius viridis  (Statius Müller, 1776) SA : Amazonia  
Dusky-green Oropendola Psarocolius atrovirens  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) SA : Peru, Bolivia  
Russet-backed Oropendola Psarocolius angustifrons  (von Spix, 1824) SA : w, n  
        P. a. salmoni  (Sclater, PL, 1883) w and c Colombia  
        P. a. atrocastaneus  (Cabanis, 1873) w Ecuador  
        P. a. sincipitalis  (Cabanis, 1873) nc Colombia  
        P. a. neglectus  (Chapman, 1914) ne Colombia and nw Venezuela  
        P. a. oleagineus  (Sclater, PL, 1883) nc Venezuela  
        P. a. angustifrons  (von Spix, 1824) nw Amazonia  
        P. a. alfredi  (Des Murs, 1856) se Ecuador to c Bolivia  
Montezuma Oropendola Psarocolius montezuma  (Lesson, 1830) MA : s Mexico to Panama  
Baudo Oropendola Psarocolius cassini  (Richmond, 1898) SA : nw Colombia  
Olive Oropendola Psarocolius bifasciatus  (von Spix, 1824) SA : e, s Amazonia ENG : English name of P.bifasciatus reverts from Para Oropendola to Olive Oropendola with inclusion of P.yuracares (SACC 2007)
        P. b. yuracares  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) se Colombia, s Venezuela, w Amazonian Brazil and e Bolivia  
        P. b. neivae  (Snethlage, E, 1925) nc Brazil south of the Amazon  
        P. b. bifasciatus  (von Spix, 1824) ne Brazil south of the Amazon  
Black Oropendola Psarocolius guatimozinus  (Bonaparte, 1853) LA : Panama, Colombia  
Band-tailed Oropendola Ocyalus latirostris  (Swainson, 1838) SA : w Amazonia  
Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela  (Linnaeus, 1758) LA : Panama to se SA  
        C. c. vitellinus  Lawrence, 1864 c Panama to n and c Colombia  
        C. c. flavicrissus  (Sclater, PL, 1860) w Ecuador and nw Peru  
        C. c. cela  (Linnaeus, 1758) e Colombia and Venezuela, the Guianas south to c Bolivia and s Brazil  
Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous  (Linnaeus, 1766) SA : Colombia to e Brazil and n Argentina  
        C. h. haemorrhous  (Linnaeus, 1766) e Colombia and e Ecuador, s Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil  
        C. h. pachyrhynchus  Berlepsch, 1889 Amazon Basin in Brazil, e Peru and n Bolivia  
        C. h. affinis  Swainson, 1834 e Paraguay, e Brazil and ne Argentina  
Subtropical Cacique Cacicus uropygialis  Lafresnaye, 1843 LA : Panama to Peru  
Scarlet-rumped Cacique Cacicus microrhynchus  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1865) LA : Honduras to Ecuador AS : Cacicus microrhynchus is split from C. uropygialis (Jaramillo & Burke 1999 ; Ridgely & Greenfield 2001; Hilty 2003); SACC 73 wants formal analysis
        C. m. microrhynchus  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1865) e Honduras to e Panama  
        C. m. pacificus  Chapman, 1915 e Panama to sw Ecuador  
Golden-winged Cacique Cacicus chrysopterus  (Vigors, 1825) SA : sc  
Southern Mountain Cacique Cacicus chrysonotus  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) SA : Peru, n Bolivia  
Northern Mountain Cacique Cacicus leucoramphus  (Bonaparte, 1845) SA : Venezuela to Ecuador, n Peru AS : Cacicus leucoramphus is split from C.chrysonotus (Jaramillo & Burke 1999; Ridgely & Greenfield 2001; Hilty 2003); SACC needs proposal
        C. l. leucoramphus  (Bonaparte, 1845) Colombia and w Venezuela to se Ecuador  
        C. l. peruvianus  Zimmer, JT, 1924 n and c Peru  
Ecuadorian Cacique Cacicus sclateri  (Dubois, AJC, 1887) SA : Ecuador, Peru  
Selva Cacique Cacicus koepckeae  Lowery & O'Neill, 1965 SA : Peru  
Solitary Cacique Cacicus solitarius  Vieillot, 1816 SA : c Amazonia to n Argentina  
Mexican Cacique Cacicus melanicterus  (Bonaparte, 1825) MA : w Mexico to se Guatemala  
Yellow-billed Cacique Amblycercus holosericeus  (Deppe, 1830) LA : Mexico to n Bolivia  
        A. h. holosericeus  (Deppe, 1830) se Mexico to nw Colombia  
        A. h. flavirostris  Chapman, 1915 w Colombia to n Peru  
        A. h. australis  Chapman, 1919 n Colombia and nw Venezuela to e Peru and n Bolivia  
Venezuelan Troupial Icterus icterus  (Linnaeus, 1766) SA : Colombia, Venezuela  
        I. i. icterus  (Linnaeus, 1766) nc Venezuela  
        I. i. ridgwayi  (Hartert, 1902) n Colombia, coastal n Venezuela and nearby islands  
        I. i. metae  Phelps Jr & Aveledo, 1966 ne Colombia and w Venezuela  
Orange-backed Troupial Icterus croconotus  (Wagler, 1829) SA : n, w, sw Amazonia to n Argentina  
        I. c. croconotus  (Wagler, 1829) w Amazonia  
        I. c. strictifrons  Todd, 1924 e Bolivia and Paraguay to sc Brazil and n Argentina  
Campo Troupial Icterus jamacaii  (Gmelin, JF, 1788) SA : e Brazil  
Spot-breasted Oriole Icterus pectoralis  (Wagler, 1829) MA : widespread  
        I. p. carolynae  Dickerman, 1981 sw Mexico  
        I. p. pectoralis  (Wagler, 1829) se Mexico  
        I. p. guttulatus  Lafresnaye, 1844 s Mexico to Nicaragua  
        I. p. espinachi  Ridgway, 1882 s Nicaragua to nw Costa Rica  
White-edged Oriole Icterus graceannae  Cassin, 1867 SA : Ecuador, Peru  
Yellow-tailed Oriole Icterus mesomelas  (Wagler, 1829) LA : Mexico to Peru  
        I. m. mesomelas  (Wagler, 1829) s Mexico to Honduras  
        I. m. salvinii  Cassin, 1867 Nicaragua to w Panama  
        I. m. carrikeri  Todd, 1917 e Panama to c Colombia and nw Venezuela  
        I. m. taczanowskii  Ridgway, 1901 w Ecuador and nw Peru  
Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis  (Linnaeus, 1766) SA : n, c AL : Moriche Oriole I.chrysocephalus is included as a subspecies of Epaulet Oriole following SACC, but stay tuned.
        I. c. cayanensis  (Linnaeus, 1766) the Guianas south through much of s Amazonia to e Peru, n Bolivia and ne Brazil  
        I. c. chrysocephalus  (Linnaeus, 1766) Trinidad, se Colombia and ne Peru, s Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil  
Variable Oriole Icterus pyrrhopterus  (Vieillot, 1819) SA : sc AS : Variable Oriole is split from Epaulet Oriole (D'Horta et al 2008, SACC 418)
        I. p. periporphyrus  (Bonaparte, 1850) ec Bolivia to sc Brazil  
        I. p. pyrrhopterus  (Vieillot, 1819) se Bolivia to s Brazil, Uruguay and n Argentina  
        I. p. tibialis  Swainson, 1838 e Brazil  
        I. p. valenciobuenoi  von Ihering, H, 1902 se Brazil  
Martinique Oriole Icterus bonana  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : Martinique  
St. Lucia Oriole Icterus laudabilis  Sclater, PL, 1871 NA : St. Lucia  
Montserrat Oriole Icterus oberi  Lawrence, 1880 NA : Montserrat  
Hispaniolan Oriole Icterus dominicensis  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA : Hispaniola ENG : CHANGE English name of Greater Antillean Oriole to Hispaniolan Oriole with splits of other island species
Puerto Rican Oriole Icterus portoricensis  Bryant, H, 1866 NA : Puerto Rico AS : Puerto Rican Oriole is split from Greater Antillean (Hispaniolan) Oriole (Sturge et al 2009)
Cuban Oriole Icterus melanopsis  (Wagler, 1829) NA : Cuba AS : Cuban Oriole is split from Greater Antillean (Hispaniolan) Oriole (Sturge et al 2009)
Bahama Oriole Icterus northropi  Allen, JA, 1890 NA : Bahamas AS : Bahama Oriole is split from Greater Antillean (Hispaniolan) Oriole (Sturge et al 2009)
Black-cowled Oriole Icterus prosthemelas  (Strickland, 1850) MA : s Mexico to Panama  
        I. p. prosthemelas  (Strickland, 1850) se Mexico to c Costa Rica  
        I. p. praecox  Phillips, AR & Dickerman, 1965 se Costa Rica to w Panama  
Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA, MA : se Canada to c Mexico  
        I. s. spurius  (Linnaeus, 1766) s Canada and c and e USA  
        I. s. phillipsi  Dickerman & Warner, 1962 c Mexico  
Ochre Oriole Icterus fuertesi  Chapman, 1911 MA : ne Mexico PL : Icterus fuertesi is split from I. spurius (Baker et al. 2003; Kiere et al. 2007); AOU and BLI do not yet recognize
Hooded Oriole Icterus cucullatus  Swainson, 1827 NA, MA : sw USA, Mexico, Belize  
        I. c. nelsoni  Ridgway, 1885 sw USA and nw Mexico  
        I. c. trochiloides  Grinnell, 1927 c and s Baja California (nw Mexico)  
        I. c. sennetti  Ridgway, 1901 s Texas (sc USA) to e Mexico  
        I. c. cucullatus  Swainson, 1827 sw Texas (sc USA) to c Mexico  
        I. c. igneus  Ridgway, 1885 se Mexico and Belize  
Black-vented Oriole Icterus wagleri  Sclater, PL, 1857 MA : Mexico to Nicaragua  
        I. w. castaneopectus  Brewster, 1888 nw Mexico  
        I. w. wagleri  Sclater, PL, 1857 c Mexico to Nicaragua  
Bar-winged Oriole Icterus maculialatus  Cassin, 1848 MA : s Mexico to El Salvador  
Scott's Oriole Icterus parisorum  Bonaparte, 1838 NA, MA : sc USA, Mexico  
Orange-crowned Oriole Icterus auricapillus  Cassin, 1848 LA : Panama to Venezuela  
Yellow-backed Oriole Icterus chrysater  (Lesson, 1844) LA : s Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador  
        I. c. chrysater  (Lesson, 1844) c and s Yucatan (se Mexico) and s Mexico to n Nicaragua  
        I. c. mayensis  van Rossem, 1938 n Yucatan Pen. (se Mexico)  
        I. c. giraudii  Cassin, 1848 Panama to nw Venezuela, c and s Colombia and sw Ecuador  
        I. c. hondae  Chapman, 1914 Magdalena Valley (nc Colombia)  
Audubon's Oriole Icterus graduacauda  Lesson, 1839 NA, MA : s Texas, Mexico  
        I. g. audubonii  Giraud, 1841 s Texas (sc USA) and ne Mexico  
        I. g. nayaritensis  van Rossem, 1938 wc Mexico  
        I. g. dickeyae  van Rossem, 1938 sw Mexico  
        I. g. graduacauda  Lesson, 1839 e Mexico  
Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula  (Linnaeus, 1758) NA : e  
Black-backed Oriole Icterus abeillei  (Lesson, 1839) MA : sc Mexico  
Bullock's Oriole Icterus bullockii  (Swainson, 1827) NA : w  
Streak-backed Oriole Icterus pustulatus  (Wagler, 1829) MA : widespread  
        I. p. microstictus  Griscom, 1934 nw Mexico  
        I. p. pustulatus  (Wagler, 1829) Colima to n Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz (sw Mexico)  
        I. p. graysonii  Cassin, 1867 Tres Marias Is. (off w Mexico)  
        I. p. formosus  Lawrence, 1872 Oaxaca and Chiapas (s Mexico) to nw Guatemala  
        I. p. maximus  Griscom, 1930 Rio Negro valley (nc Guatemala)  
        I. p. alticola  Miller, W & Griscom, 1925 Guatemala to ne Honduras  
        I. p. pustuloides  van Rossem, 1927 San Miquel Volcano (ec El Salvador)  
        I. p. sclateri  Cassin, 1867 s El Salvador to Costa Rica  
Jamaican Oriole Icterus leucopteryx  (Wagler, 1827) NA : Jamaica, Cayman Islands  
        I. l. lawrencii  Cory, 1887 San Andrés I. (e of Nicaragua)  
        I. l. bairdi 
  Cory, 1886
Grand Cayman I.  
        I. l. leucopteryx  (Wagler, 1827) Jamaica  
Orange Oriole Icterus auratus  Bonaparte, 1850 MA : se Mexico  
Yellow Oriole Icterus nigrogularis  (Hahn, 1819) SA : n  
        I. n. nigrogularis  (Hahn, 1819) n Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil  
        I. n. curasoensis  Ridgway, 1884 Netherland Antilles  
        I. n. helioeides  Clark, AH, 1902 Margarita I. (off n Venezuela)  
        I. n. trinitatis  Hartert, 1913 Trinidad and Paria Pen. (ne Venezuela)  
Altamira Oriole Icterus gularis  (Wagler, 1829) NA, MA : s Texas to Honduras  
        I. g. tamaulipensis  Ridgway, 1901 s Texas (sc USA) to e Mexico  
        I. g. yucatanensis  Berlepsch, 1888 se Mexico and n Belize  
        I. g. flavescens  Phillips, AR, 1966 Guerrero (sw Mexico)  
        I. g. gularis  (Wagler, 1829) Oaxaca (sw Mexico) to El Salvador  
        I. g. troglodytes  Griscom, 1930 s Mexico to w Guatemala  
        I. g. gigas  Griscom, 1930 s Guatemala and Honduras  
Jamaican Blackbird Nesopsar nigerrimus  (Osburn, 1859) NA : Jamaica  
Oriole Blackbird Gymnomystax mexicanus  (Linnaeus, 1766) SA : Amazonia  
Colombian Mountain Grackle Macroagelaius subalaris  (Boissonneau, 1840) SA : Colombia  
Golden-tufted Mountain Grackle Macroagelaius imthurni  (Sclater, PL, 1881) SA : Tepuis  
Red-bellied Grackle Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster  (de Tarragon, 1847) SA : Colombia  
Velvet-fronted Grackle Lampropsar tanagrinus  (von Spix, 1824) SA : w, sw Amazonia, Tepuis  
        L. t. guianensis  Cabanis, 1849 e Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and n Brazil  
        L. t. tanagrinus  (von Spix, 1824) s Colombia, e Ecuador, ne Peru and w Brazil  
        L. t. macropterus  Gyldenstolpe, 1945 w Brazil  
        L. t. violaceus  Hellmayr, 1906 wc Brazil  
        L. t. boliviensis  Gyldenstolpe, 1941 e Bolivia  
Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi  (Vieillot, 1819) SA : e, se, sc  
        G. c. sulcirostris  (von Spix, 1824) ne Brazil  
        G. c. chopi  (Vieillot, 1819) se Bolivia to c and se Brazil, Uruguay and ne Argentina  
        G. c. megistus  (Leverkühn, 1889) se Peru to e Bolivia  
Austral Blackbird Curaeus curaeus  (Molina, 1782) SA : Southern Cone  
        C. c. curaeus  (Molina, 1782) c Chile and sw Argentina  
        C. c. recurvirostris  Markham, 1971 Reisco Is. (s Chile)  
        C. c. reynoldsi  (Sclater, WL, 1939) Tierra del Fuego (s Chile and s Argentina)  
Forbes's Blackbird Curaeus forbesi  (Sclater, PL, 1886) SA : e Brazil  
Scarlet-headed Blackbird Amblyramphus holosericeus  (Scopoli, 1786) SA : se, sc  
Pale-eyed Blackbird Agelasticus xanthophthalmus  (Short, 1969) SA : Ecuador, Peru  
Unicolored Blackbird Agelasticus cyanopus  (Vieillot, 1819) SA : sc, e Brazil  
        A. c. xenicus  (Parkes, 1966) ne Brazil  
        A. c. atroolivaceus  (Wied-Neuwied, 1831) e Brazil  
        A. c. beniensis  (Parkes, 1966) ne Bolivia  
        A. c. cyanopus  (Vieillot, 1819) e Bolivia and sc Brazil to Paraguay, n Argentina and Uruguay  
Yellow-winged Blackbird Agelasticus thilius  (Molina, 1782) SA : sw, sc  
        A. t. alticola  (Todd, 1932) se Peru and w Bolivia  
        A. t. thilius  (Molina, 1782) Chile  
        A. t. petersii  (Laubmann, 1934) se Brazil, Uruguay and n Argentina  
Chestnut-capped Blackbird Chrysomus ruficapillus  (Vieillot, 1819) SA : ne, sc  
        C. r. frontalis  (Vieillot, 1819) French Guiana and e Brazil  
        C. r. ruficapillus  (Vieillot, 1819) e Bolivia and s Brazil to n Argentina and Uruguay  
Yellow-hooded Blackbird Chrysomus icterocephalus  (Linnaeus, 1766) SA : n, c  
        C. i. bogotensis  (Chapman, 1914) nc Colombia  
        C. i. icterocephalus  (Linnaeus, 1766) n Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, n and w Brazil and ne Peru  
Saffron-cowled Blackbird Xanthopsar flavus  (Gmelin, JF, 1788) SA : sc  
Yellow-rumped Marshbird Pseudoleistes guirahuro  (Vieillot, 1819) SA : se  
Brown-and-yellow Marshbird Pseudoleistes virescens  (Vieillot, 1819) SA : se  
Bolivian Blackbird Agelaioides oreopsar  Lowther, PE, 2001 SA : Bolivia  
Baywing Agelaioides badius  (Vieillot, 1819) SA : sc  
        A. b. fringillarius  (von Spix, 1824) ne Brazil  
        A. b. badius  (Vieillot, 1819) e Bolivia and s Brazil to Uruguay and s Argentina  
        A. b. bolivianus  (Hellmayr, 1917) c and s Bolivia  
Screaming Cowbird Molothrus rufoaxillaris  Cassin, 1866 SA : sc  
Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus  (Gmelin, JF, 1788) LA : e Mexico through n SA  
        M. o. impacifus  (Peters, JL, 1929) e Mexico to w Panama  
        M. o. oryzivorus  (Gmelin, JF, 1788) c Panama to Peru, Bolivia and n Argentina  
Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus  (Wagler, 1829) NA, MA : sw USA to Panama  
        M. a. loyei  Parkes & Blake, 1965 sw USA and nw Mexico  
        M. a. assimilis  (Nelson, 1900) sw Mexico  
        M. a. aeneus  (Wagler, 1829) s Texas (sc USA) and e Mexico to c Panama  
Bronze-brown Cowbird Molothrus armenti  Cabanis, 1851 SA : Colombia PL : Molothrus armenti is split from M. aeneus (AOU 1993, Jaramillo & Burke 1999); SACC treats as subspecies)
Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA, SA : se USA though c SA  
        M. b. minimus  Dalmas, 1900 s Florida (se USA), West Indies, the Guianas and n Brazil  
        M. b. cabanisii  Cassin, 1866 e Costa Rica to w Colombia  
        M. b. venezuelensis  Stone, 1891 e Colombia and n Venezuela  
        M. b. aequatorialis  Chapman, 1915 sw Colombia and w Ecuador  
        M. b. occidentalis  Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1892 sw Ecuador and w Peru  
        M. b. riparius  Griscom & Greenway, 1937 e Ecuador, e Peru and w Brazil  
        M. b. bonariensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) c and e Brazil to Chile, Bolivia and Argentina  
Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater  (Boddaert, 1783) NA, MA : s Canada to s Mexico  
        M. a. artemisiae  Grinnell, 1909 interior w Canada and w USA  
        M. a. obscurus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789) coastal Alaska, Canada, USA and nw Mexico  
        M. a. ater  (Boddaert, 1783) se Canada, e and c USA and ne Mexico  
Cuban Blackbird Dives atroviolaceus  (d'Orbigny, 1839) NA : Cuba  
Melodious Blackbird Dives dives  (Deppe, 1830) MA : Mexico to Nicaragua  
Scrub Blackbird Dives warczewiczi  (Cabanis, 1861) SA : Ecuador, Peru  
        D. w. warczewiczi  (Cabanis, 1861) w Ecuador and nw Peru  
        D. w. kalinowskii  Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1892 w Peru  
Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus  (Linnaeus, 1766) NA, MA : widespread  
        A. p. arctolegus  Oberholser, 1907 se Alaska, wc and c Canada and nc USA  
        A. p. fortis  Ridgway, 1901 wc and sc USA  
        A. p. nevadensis  Grinnell, 1914 inland sw Canada and nw and w USA  
        A. p. caurinus  Ridgway, 1901 coastal sw Canada and nw and w USA  
        A. p. sonoriensis  Ridgway, 1887 sw USA and nw Mexico  
        A. p. nyaritensis  Dickey & van Rossem, 1925 w Mexico to w El Salvador  
        A. p. grinnelli  Howell, AB, 1917 El Salvador to nw Costa Rica  
        A. p. phoeniceus  (Linnaeus, 1766) se Canada and e USA  
        A. p. littoralis  Howell, AH & van Rossem, 1928 coastal se USA from Texas to Florida  
        A. p. mearnsi  Howell, AH & van Rossem, 1928 se Georgia to sc Florida (se USA)  
        A. p. floridanus  Maynard, 1895 s Florida (se USA)  
        A. p. megapotamus  Oberholser, 1919 s Texas (sc USA) to e Mexico  
        A. p. nelsoni  Dickerman, 1965 sc Mexico  
        A. p. richmondi  Nelson, 1897 se and s Mexico to n Costa Rica  
        A. p. arthuralleni  Dickerman, 1974 n Guatemala  
        A. p. brevirostris  Monroe, 1963 ne Honduras to se Nicaragua  
        A. p. bryanti  Ridgway, 1887 nw Bahamas  
        A. p. aciculatus  Mailliard, 1915 Kern County (s California in sw USA)  
        A. p. neutralis  Ridgway, 1901 s California (sw USA) and nw Mexico  
        A. p. mailliardorum  van Rossem, 1926 coastal c California (w USA)  
        A. p. californicus  Nelson, 1897 inland c California (w USA)  
        A. p. gubernator  (Wagler, 1832) c Mexico  
Red-shouldered Blackbird Agelaius assimilis  Lembeye, 1850 NA : Cuba  
        A. a. assimilis  Lembeye, 1850 w Cuba  
        A. a. subniger  Bangs, 1913 Isle of Pines  
Tricolored Blackbird Agelaius tricolor  (Audubon, 1837) NA : California  
Tawny-shouldered Blackbird Agelaius humeralis  (Vigors, 1827) NA : Hispaniola, Cuba  
        A. h. humeralis  (Vigors, 1827) Cuba and nw Haiti  
        A. h. scopulus  Garrido, 1970 Cayo Cantiles (east of Isle of Pines off sw Cuba)  
Yellow-shouldered Blackbird Agelaius xanthomus  (Sclater, PL, 1862) NA : Puerto Rico  
        A. x. xanthomus  (Sclater, PL, 1862) Puerto Rico  
        A. x. monensis  Barnes Jr, 1945 Mona I. (w of Puerto Rico)  
Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus  (Statius Müller, 1776) NA : n  
        E. c. carolinus  (Statius Müller, 1776) Alaska and n Canada to Labrador (e Canada) and ne USA  
        E. c. nigrans  Burleigh & Peters, HS, 1948 se Canada  
Brewer's Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus  (Wagler, 1829) NA : w, c  
Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula  (Linnaeus, 1758) NA : c, e  
        Q. q. versicolor  Vieillot, 1819 sc and se Canada, c USA  
        Q. q. stonei  Chapman, 1935 ec USA  
        Q. q. quiscula  (Linnaeus, 1758) se USA  
Carib Grackle Quiscalus lugubris  Swainson, 1838 NA, SA : Lesser Antilles, n SA  
        Q. l. guadeloupensis  Lawrence, 1879 nc Lesser Antilles  
        Q. l. inflexirostris  Swainson, 1838 St. Lucia (c Lesser Antilles)  
        Q. l. contrusus  (Peters, JL, 1925) St. Vincent (s Lesser Antilles)  
        Q. l. luminosus  Lawrence, 1878 Grenadines and Granada (s Lesser Antilles), Los Testigos (off ne Venezuela)  
        Q. l. fortirostris  Lawrence, 1868 Barbados (s Lesser Antilles), introduced to Antigua, Barbuda, St. Kitts (c Lesser Antilles)  
        Q. l. orquillensis  (Cory, 1909) Los Hermanos (off ne Venezuela)  
        Q. l. insularis  Richmond, 1896 Margarita I. and Los Frailes (off ne Venezuela)  
        Q. l. lugubris  Swainson, 1838 Trinidad, n Venezuela, the Guianas and ne Brazil  
Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus  (Gmelin, JF, 1788) NA, LA : s USA through w, n SA  
        Q. m. nelsoni  (Ridgway, 1901) sw USA and nw Mexico  
        Q. m. graysoni  Sclater, PL, 1884 w Mexico  
        Q. m. obscurus  Nelson, 1900 sw Mexico  
        Q. m. monsoni  (Phillips, AR, 1950) wc USA to nc Mexico  
        Q. m. prosopidicola  (Lowery, 1938) c and sc USA to ne Mexico  
        Q. m. mexicanus  (Gmelin, JF, 1788) c Mexico to Nicaragua  
        Q. m. loweryi  (Dickerman & Phillips, AR, 1966) Yucatan Pen. (se Mexico), Belize and nearby islands  
        Q. m. peruvianus  Swainson, 1838 Costa Rica to Peru and Venezuela  
Boat-tailed Grackle Quiscalus major  Vieillot, 1819 NA : e, se USA  
        Q. m. torreyi  (Harper, 1934) ec USA  
        Q. m. westoni  (Sprunt Jr, 1934) Florida (se USA)  
        Q. m. alabamensis  Stevenson, HM, 1978 coastal se USA from Mississippi to Florida  
        Q. m. major  Vieillot, 1819 coastal se USA from Texas to Mississippi  
Slender-billed Grackle Quiscalus palustris 
  (Swainson, 1827)
MA : c Mexico EXTINCT :
Nicaraguan Grackle Quiscalus nicaraguensis  Salvin & Godman, 1891 MA : Nicaragua and n Costa Rica  
Greater Antillean Grackle Quiscalus niger  (Boddaert, 1783) NA : Greater Antilles  
        Q. n. caribaeus  (Todd, 1916) w Cuba and Isle of Pines  
        Q. n. gundlachii  Cassin, 1867 c and e Cuba  
        Q. n. caymanensis  Cory, 1886 Grand Cayman I.  
        Q. n. bangsi  (Peters, JL, 1921) Little Cayman I.  
        Q. n. crassirostris  Swainson, 1838 Jamiaca  
        Q. n. niger  (Boddaert, 1783) Hispaniola  
        Q. n. brachypterus  Cassin, 1867 Puerto Rico  
Red-breasted Blackbird Sturnella militaris  (Linnaeus, 1758) LA : Costa Rica through c SA  
White-browed Blackbird Sturnella superciliaris  (Bonaparte, 1850) SA : sc  
Peruvian Meadowlark Sturnella bellicosa  de Filippi, 1847 SA : Ecuador to n Chile  
        S. b. bellicosa  de Filippi, 1847 w Ecuador and nw Peru  
        S. b. albipes  (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861) sw Peru and n Chile  
Pampas Meadowlark Sturnella defilippii  (Bonaparte, 1850) SA : se  
Long-tailed Meadowlark Sturnella loyca  (Molina, 1782) SA : Southern Cone  
        S. l. loyca  (Molina, 1782) s Chile and s Argentina  
        S. l. catamarcana  (Zotta, 1937) nw Argentina  
        S. l. obscura  Nores & Yzurieta, 1979 c Argentina  
        S. l. falklandica  (Leverkühn, 1889) Falkland Is.  
Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna  (Linnaeus, 1758) NA, LA : se Canada to ne Brazil  
        S. m. magna  (Linnaeus, 1758) se Canada, c and e USA  
        S. m. argutula  Bangs, 1899 sc and se USA  
        S. m. hoopesi  Stone, 1897 s Texas (sc USA) and ne Mexico  
        S. m. auropectoralis  Saunders, GB, 1934 wc Mexico  
        S. m. saundersi  Dickerman & Phillips, AR, 1970 se Oaxaca (s Mexico)  
        S. m. alticola  Nelson, 1900 s Mexico to Costa Rica  
        S. m. mexicana  Sclater, PL, 1861 se Mexico to Belize and Guatemala  
        S. m. griscomi  van Tyne & Trautman, 1941 n Yucatan (se Mexico)  
        S. m. inexspectata  Ridgway, 1888 Honduras and ne Nicaragua  
        S. m. subulata  Griscom, 1934 Panama  
        S. m. meridionalis  Sclater, PL, 1861 nc Colombia to nw Venezuela  
        S. m. paralios  Bangs, 1901 n Colombia, n and c Venezuela  
        S. m. praticola  Chubb, C, 1921 e Colombia, s Venezuela and Guyana  
        S. m. quinta  Dickerman, 1989 Suriname, French Guiana and ne Brazil  
        S. m. hippocrepis  (Wagler, 1832) Cuba  
        S. m. lilianae  Oberholser, 1930 sw USA and nw Mexico  
Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta  Audubon, 1844 NA, MA : w  
Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus  (Bonaparte, 1826) NA, MA : w  
Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus  (Linnaeus, 1758) NA : n, c